Abstract
BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases. MMPs have been characterized in detail in mammals and shown to play key roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Although MMPs in some plant species have been identified, the function of MMPs in biotic stress responses remains elusive. RESULTS: A total of five MMP genes were identified in tomato genome. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of Sl-MMP genes was induced with distinct patterns by infection of Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and by treatment with defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-based knockdown of individual Sl-MMPs and disease assays indicated that silencing of Sl3-MMP resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea and Pst DC3000, whereas silencing of other four Sl-MMPs did not affect the disease resistance against these two pathogens. The Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato plants responded with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alerted expression of defense genes after infection of B. cinerea. Transient expression of Sl3-MMP in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana led to an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea and upregulated expression of defense-related genes. Biochemical assays revealed that the recombinant mature Sl3-MMP protein had proteolytic activities in vitro with distinct preferences for specificity of cleavage sites. The Sl3-MMP protein was targeted onto the plasma membrane of plant cells when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. CONCLUSION: VIGS-based knockdown of Sl3-MMP expression in tomato and gain-of-function transient expression of Sl3-MMP in N. benthamiana demonstrate that Sl3-MMP functions as a positive regulator of defense response against B. cinerea and Pst DC3000.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Five MMP genes were identified in the tomato genome.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- MMP genese0
- Outcome
- five MMP genese0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of five MMP genes were identified in tomato genome.”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis cinerea infection induced Sl-MMP gene expression in distinct patterns.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Gene
- Sl-MMP genese0
- Outcome
- expression of Sl-MMP genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“expression of Sl-MMP genes was induced with distinct patterns by infection of Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection induced Sl-MMP expression.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Gene
- Sl-MMP genese0
- Outcome
- expression of Sl-MMP genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“expression of Sl-MMP genes was induced with distinct patterns by infection of Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense-related hormone treatments induced Sl-MMP expression.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide0
- Gene
- Sl-MMP genese0
- Outcome
- expression of Sl-MMP genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“expression of Sl-MMP genes was induced with distinct patterns by infection of Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and by treatment with defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl3-MMP silencing reduced tomato resistance to B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing of Sl3-MMPe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- Sl3-MMPe0
- Outcome
- resistance to B. cinereae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“silencing of Sl3-MMP resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea and Pst DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl3-MMP silencing reduced tomato resistance to Pst DC3000.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing of Sl3-MMPe0
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- Sl3-MMPe0
- Outcome
- resistance to B. cinerea and Pst DC3000e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“silencing of Sl3-MMP resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea and Pst DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing the other four Sl-MMPs did not affect disease resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing of other four Sl-MMPse0
- Gene
- Sl-MMPse0
- Outcome
- disease resistancee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“silencing of other four Sl-MMPs did not affect the disease resistance against these two pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato accumulated more reactive oxygen species after B. cinerea infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato plantse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato plants responded with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alerted expression of defense genes after infection of B. cinerea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato showed altered defense gene expression after B. cinerea infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- alerted expression of defense genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sl3-MMP-silenced tomato plants responded with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alerted expression of defense genes after infection of B. cinerea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Sl3-MMP expression enhanced Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of Sl3-MMPe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- Sl3-MMPe0
- Outcome
- resistance to B. cinereae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of Sl3-MMP in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana led to an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea and upregulated expression of defense-related genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Sl3-MMP expression upregulated defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of Sl3-MMPe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- Sl3-MMPe0
- Outcome
- expression of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of Sl3-MMP in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana led to an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea and upregulated expression of defense-related genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant mature Sl3-MMP had proteolytic activity with distinct cleavage-site preferences in vitro.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Sl3-MMP proteine0
- Outcome
- proteolytic activitiese0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“the recombinant mature Sl3-MMP protein had proteolytic activities in vitro with distinct preferences for specificity of cleavage sites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl3-MMP localized to the plasma membrane in onion epidermal cells.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Organ / stage
- epidermal cellse0
- Gene
- Sl3-MMP proteine0
- Outcome
- targeted onto the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sl3-MMP protein was targeted onto the plasma membrane of plant cells when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells.”
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