Abstract
Globally, water deficit is one of the major constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production due to substantial reduction in photosynthesis. Photorespiration often enhances under stress thereby protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition. Application of bioregulators is an alternative to counter adverse effects of water stress. Thus, in order to analyze the role of bioregulators in protecting the photosynthetic machinery under water stress, we performed an experiment with two contrasting chickpea varieties, i.e., Pusa 362 (Desi type) and Pusa 1108 (Kabuli type). Water deficit stress was imposed at the vegetative stage by withholding water. Just prior to exposure to water stress, plants were pretreated with thiourea (1,000 mg L-1), benzyladenine (40 mg L-1), and thidiazuron (10 mg L-1). Imposed water deficit decreased relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate (P N), quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, bioregulator application maintained higher RWC, P N, Fv/Fm, and lowered LPO under water stress. Expression of Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL) was low under water stress both in the Kabuli and Desi type. However, bioregulators strongly induced its expression. Although poor expression of two important photorespiratory genes, i.e., glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit, was observed in Desi chickpea under imposed stress, bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particular strongly induced their expression. This depicts that the application of bioregulators protected the photosynthetic machinery by inducing the expression of RbcL and photorespiratory genes during water deficit stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Bioregulator application maintained higher relative water content, photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm under water stress.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- bioregulator applicatione1
- Outcome
- RWC, P N, Fv/Fme1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e1“bioregulator application maintained higher RWC, P N, Fv/Fm, and lowered LPO under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioregulator application lowered lipid peroxidation (LPO) under water stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- bioregulator applicatione1
- Outcome
- LPOe1
- Direction
- lowerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e1“bioregulator application maintained higher RWC, P N, Fv/Fm, and lowered LPO under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Imposed water deficit decreased relative water content, photosynthetic rate and quantum efficiency of PSII.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Imposed water deficite2
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate (P N), quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e2“Imposed water deficit decreased relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate (P N), quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imposed water deficit enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Imposed water deficite2
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (LPO)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e2“Imposed water deficit decreased relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate (P N), quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioregulators strongly induced expression of the RbcL gene in chickpea under water stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- bioregulatorse3
- Gene
- Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL)e2
- Outcome
- expressione3
- Direction
- strongly inducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e2“Expression of Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL) was low under water stress both in the Kabuli and Desi type”
e3“However, bioregulators strongly induced its expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the RbcL gene was low in chickpea under water stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- water stresse2
- Gene
- Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL)e2
- Outcome
- Expressione2
- Direction
- lowe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e2“Expression of Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL) was low under water stress both in the Kabuli and Desi type”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particular strongly induced expression of glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit in Desi chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- Desie4
- Treatment
- bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particulare4
- Gene
- glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunite4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- strongly inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e4“Although poor expression of two important photorespiratory genes, i.e., glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit, was observed in Desi chickpea under imposed stress, bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particular strongly induced their expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi chickpea showed poor expression of glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit under imposed stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- Desie4
- Treatment
- imposed stresse4
- Gene
- glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunite4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- poore4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e4“Although poor expression of two important photorespiratory genes, i.e., glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit, was observed in Desi chickpea under imposed stress, bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particular strongly induced their expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioregulators protected the photosynthetic machinery under water deficit by inducing RbcL and photorespiratory gene expression.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- application of bioregulatorse5
- Outcome
- protected the photosynthetic machinerye5
- Qualifier
- inducing the expression of RbcL and photorespiratory genese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production”
e5“This depicts that the application of bioregulators protected the photosynthetic machinery by inducing the expression of RbcL and photorespiratory genes during water deficit stress”
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