Abstract
Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate are used commercially or experimentally as flower thinners because they are considered user, environment and consumer safe. The thinning trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010, on three- and four-year-old Braeburn Mariri Red* trees. The chemicals were applied at 1%, 2% and 3% rates of ammonium and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of potassium thiosulfate. Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom. Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth. Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The treatments increased the percentage of flower buds, except at the highest chemical rates, where leaf damage reduced flower bud formation. Ammonium or potassium thiosulfate application may be recommended as the first step in a chemical thinning program
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
ammonium thiosulfate reduced apple fruit set.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- ammoniume1
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom.”
e1“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium thiosulfate thiosulfate reduced apple fruit set.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium thiosulfatee1
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom.”
e1“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
ammonium thiosulfate thinning was more efficient in 2009 at 20% full bloom than in 2010 at 80% full bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ammoniume1
- Outcome
- thinning agentse0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Qualifier
- 2009, when applied at 20% full bloome0
- Comparator
- 2010e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom.”
e1“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium thiosulfate thiosulfate thinning was more efficient in 2009 at 20% full bloom than in 2010 at 80% full bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium thiosulfatee1
- Outcome
- thinning agentse0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Qualifier
- 2009, when applied at 20% full bloome0
- Comparator
- 2010e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom.”
e1“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
ammonium thiosulfate increased average apple fruit weight.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium thiosulfate thiosulfate increased average apple fruit weight.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium thiosulfatee0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest chemical rates retarded apple fruit growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- highest chemical ratese0
- Outcome
- fruit growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium did not affect apple fruit shape and firmness.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ammoniume0
- Outcome
- fruit shape and firmnesse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity.”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium thiosulfate did not affect apple fruit shape and firmness.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium thiosulfatee0
- Outcome
- fruit shape and firmnesse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium increased apple fruit starch degradation, soluble solids and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ammoniume0
- Outcome
- starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity.”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium thiosulfate increased apple fruit starch degradation, soluble solids and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium thiosulfatee0
- Outcome
- starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning treatments increased the percentage of flower buds except at the highest chemical rates.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage of flower budse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except at the highest chemical ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“The treatments increased the percentage of flower buds, except at the highest chemical rates, where leaf damage reduced flower bud formation.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest chemical rates leaf damage reduced flower bud formation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- highest chemical ratese0
- Outcome
- flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- leaf damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“The treatments increased the percentage of flower buds, except at the highest chemical rates, where leaf damage reduced flower bud formation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend ammonium or potassium thiosulfate as a first step in a chemical thinning program.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ammonium or potassium thiosulfate applicatione0
- Outcome
- first step in a chemical thinning programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Braeburn”
e0“Ammonium or potassium thiosulfate application may be recommended as the first step in a chemical thinning program”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.