Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization influences apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) yield and quality, but less is known about the effect of rate and timing of fertilization on fruit quality. Rate and time of N fertilization (114 g/tree in Nov.+68 g/tree in May, 227 g/tree in Aug., 45 g/tree for 4 weeks starting in Aug., 136 g/tree in Aug., and 68 g/tree Aug. and May) affected N concentrations in flowers, bourse leaves, and in mid-terminal leaves of current season's growth. Return bloom and yield were highest for trees with the highest rate of N applied in August and they were lowest for trees with the lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and August. Fruit size, color, firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acids, either at harvest or after 90 days in regular atmosphere storage, were not influenced by all five relatively low rates of N application. The best N treatment for fruit quality was with the low rate of N application in August. Highest fruit firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity after storage occurred in fruit from trees that were harvested in 1997 with the lowest yield, regardless of N application. Return bloom, flower, and leaf N were good predictors of yield. Due to alternate bearing tendencies yield was a better predictor of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity than leaf N. The best N treatment for highest yield without sacrificing fruit quality was a single application (227 g) in August each year.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate and timing affected nitrogen concentrations in flowers and leaves.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N concentrations in flowers, bourse leaves, and in mid-terminal leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rate and time of N fertilization (114 g/tree in Nov.+68 g/tree in May, 227 g/tree in Aug., 45 g/tree for 4 weeks starting in Aug., 136 g/tree in Aug., and 68 g/tree Aug. and May) affected N concentrations in flowers, bourse leaves, and in mid-terminal leaves of current season's growth.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Return bloom was highest at the highest August nitrogen rate and lowest at the lowest split rate.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- highest rate of N applied in Auguste0
- Outcome
- Return bloome0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Return bloom and yield were highest for trees with the highest rate of N applied in August and they were lowest for trees with the lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and August.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was highest at the highest August nitrogen rate and lowest at the lowest split rate.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- highest rate of N applied in Auguste0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Return bloom and yield were highest for trees with the highest rate of N applied in August and they were lowest for trees with the lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and August.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The five nitrogen rates did not influence fruit size, color or firmness at harvest or after storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- five relatively low rates of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Fruit size, color, firmnesse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
- Qualifier
- after 90 days in regular atmosphere storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit size, color, firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acids, either at harvest or after 90 days in regular atmosphere storage, were not influenced by all five relatively low rates of N application.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The five nitrogen rates did not influence soluble solids or titratable acids at harvest or after storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- five relatively low rates of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- soluble solids, and titratable acidse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit size, color, firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acids, either at harvest or after 90 days in regular atmosphere storage, were not influenced by all five relatively low rates of N application.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low August nitrogen application gave the best fruit quality.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- low rate of N application in Auguste0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best N treatment for fruit quality was with the low rate of N application in August.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored fruit from lowest-yielding 1997 trees had the highest firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- fruit firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Qualifier
- harvested in 1997e0
- Comparator
- lowest yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest fruit firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity after storage occurred in fruit from trees that were harvested in 1997 with the lowest yield, regardless of N application.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Return bloom, flower nitrogen and leaf nitrogen predicted yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- flower, and leafe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- good predictorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Return bloom, flower, and leaf N were good predictors of yield.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield predicted fruit firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity better than leaf nitrogen.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable aciditye0
- Comparator
- leaf Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was a better predictor of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity than leaf N.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 227 g nitrogen in August yearly for high yield without sacrificing fruit quality.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- single application (227 g) in August each yeare0
- Outcome
- highest yield without sacrificing fruit qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best N treatment for highest yield without sacrificing fruit quality was a single application (227 g) in August each year.”
e1“apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →nitrogen · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.