Abstract
A trial was conducted in a private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), India (during December, 2014 to December, 2015) to find out the alternate to calcium ammonium nitrate for nitrogen application to apple trees. Different nitrogen containing fertilizers (sources of nitrogen) alone or in combination were used as treatments and applied in split doses to the experimental trees. Different nitrogen sources significantly influenced fruiting, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient contents of apple. Trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit set (23.96%), yield (5.20 kg tree -1 ) as well as yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and lower fruit drop (13.06%). The treatment (calcium nitrate+urea) significantly improved fruit weight (179.67 g), total soluble solids content (13.10 B), total sugars (9.99%) and reducing sugars content (7.15%). Similarly, significantly higher leaf N (2.86%), K (1.93%) and Mg (0.44%) contents were recorded in trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment, whereas, leaf P (0.28%) and Ca (1.58%) were observed highest in trees treated with combination of di-ammonium phosphate and calcium nitrate and calcium nitrate, respectively. With respect to various observations recorded, calcium nitrate+urea treatment was either superior or statistically at par with calcium ammonium nitrate (control), thus calcium nitrate+urea was proved to be most suitable alternate to calcium ammonium nitrate for supplying nitrogen to the apple trees.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple fruit set (23.96%).
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit sete1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 23.96%e1
- Setting
- private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A trial was conducted in a private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), India (during December, 2014 to December, 2015)”
e1“Trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit set (23.96%), yield (5.20 kg tree -1 ) as well as yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and lower fruit drop (13.06%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple yield (5.20 kg tree -1).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 5.20 kg tree -1e1
- Setting
- private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A trial was conducted in a private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), India (during December, 2014 to December, 2015)”
e1“Trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit set (23.96%), yield (5.20 kg tree -1 ) as well as yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and lower fruit drop (13.06%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 TCSA).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente1
- Outcome
- yield efficiencye1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
- Value
- 0.183 kg cm -2e1
- Setting
- private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A trial was conducted in a private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), India (during December, 2014 to December, 2015)”
e1“Trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit set (23.96%), yield (5.20 kg tree -1 ) as well as yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and lower fruit drop (13.06%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea lowered apple fruit drop to 13.06%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit drope1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 13.06%e1
- Setting
- private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A trial was conducted in a private orchard at Matiyana (Shimla), India (during December, 2014 to December, 2015)”
e1“Trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit set (23.96%), yield (5.20 kg tree -1 ) as well as yield efficiency (0.183 kg cm -2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and lower fruit drop (13.06%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly improved apple fruit weight (179.67 g).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+ureae2
- Outcome
- fruit weighte2
- Direction
- significantly improvede2
- Value
- 179.67 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The treatment (calcium nitrate+urea) significantly improved fruit weight (179.67 g), total soluble solids content (13.10 B), total sugars (9.99%) and reducing sugars content (7.15%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly improved apple total soluble solids content (13.10 B).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+ureae2
- Outcome
- total soluble solids contente2
- Direction
- significantly improvede2
- Value
- 13.10 Be2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The treatment (calcium nitrate+urea) significantly improved fruit weight (179.67 g), total soluble solids content (13.10 B), total sugars (9.99%) and reducing sugars content (7.15%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly improved apple total sugars (9.99%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+ureae2
- Outcome
- total sugarse2
- Direction
- significantly improvede2
- Value
- 9.99%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The treatment (calcium nitrate+urea) significantly improved fruit weight (179.67 g), total soluble solids content (13.10 B), total sugars (9.99%) and reducing sugars content (7.15%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly improved apple reducing sugars content (7.15%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+ureae2
- Outcome
- reducing sugars contente2
- Direction
- significantly improvede2
- Value
- 7.15%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The treatment (calcium nitrate+urea) significantly improved fruit weight (179.67 g), total soluble solids content (13.10 B), total sugars (9.99%) and reducing sugars content (7.15%)”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple leaf N (2.86%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- leaf Ne3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 2.86%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, significantly higher leaf N (2.86%), K (1.93%) and Mg (0.44%) contents were recorded in trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple leaf K (1.93%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- Ke3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 1.93%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, significantly higher leaf N (2.86%), K (1.93%) and Mg (0.44%) contents were recorded in trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate plus urea significantly increased apple leaf Mg (0.44%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate+urea treatmente3
- Outcome
- Mge3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 0.44%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similarly, significantly higher leaf N (2.86%), K (1.93%) and Mg (0.44%) contents were recorded in trees subjected to calcium nitrate+urea treatment”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined di-ammonium phosphate and calcium nitrate gave the highest apple leaf P (0.28%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- combination of di-ammonium phosphate and calcium nitratee4
- Outcome
- leaf Pe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 0.28%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“leaf P (0.28%) and Ca (1.58%) were observed highest in trees treated with combination of di-ammonium phosphate and calcium nitrate and calcium nitrate, respectively”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate gave the highest apple leaf Ca (1.58%).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- calcium nitratee4
- Outcome
- Cae4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 1.58%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“leaf P (0.28%) and Ca (1.58%) were observed highest in trees treated with combination of di-ammonium phosphate and calcium nitrate and calcium nitrate, respectively”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Apple (Malus×Domestica Borkh.)”
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