Abstract
Crop load adjustment, using blossom and/or post-bloom thinners is a crucial practice to ensure production of commercially acceptable fruit size and yield efficiency in apples and stone fruit. In a study with two apple, one peach and one plum cultivars, application of calcium polysulfides and thiosulfate mixture (lime sulfur), ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), and NC-99 (Natural-cal), applied during bloom, reduced the fruit set of apples and/or certain stone fruit. In most cases, higher concentrations or double applications of a bloom thinner resulted in more blossom thinning which led into lower fruit set. Double applications of ATS at a rate of 15 mL.L-1 or a single application of this chemical at a rate of 25 mL.L-1 resulted in adequate levels of thinning in ‘Fuji’ apple. Double applications of ATS at a rate of 25 mL.L-1 resulted in excess thinning on ‘Fuji’ apple. In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013. In ‘Jonathan’ apple, applications of ATS at 25 mL.L-1 significantly reduced fruit set and increased fruit size. Application of lime sulfur at 6% with or without refined oil significantly reduced fruit set in ‘Elberta’ peach. In plums, application of lime sulfur at 6% with 1% refined oil significantly reduced fruit set, while application of this mixture at 3% lime sulfur (3% lime sulfur plus 1% oil) did not affect fruit set.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom thinners reduced fruit set in apples or stone fruit.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- calcium polysulfides and thiosulfate mixture (lime sulfur)e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of calcium polysulfides and thiosulfate mixture (lime sulfur), ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), and NC-99 (Natural-cal), applied during bloom, reduced the fruit set of apples and/or certain stone fruit”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations or double applications gave more thinning and lower fruit set.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations or double applications of a bloom thinnere0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentrations or double applications of a bloom thinner resulted in more blossom thinning which led into lower fruit set”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS double at 15 mL.L-1 gave adequate Fuji thinning.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e0
- Treatment
- Double applications of ATS at a rate of 15 mL.L-1e0
- Outcome
- adequate levels of thinninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Double applications of ATS at a rate of 15 mL.L-1 or a single application of this chemical at a rate of 25 mL.L-1 resulted in adequate levels of thinning in ‘Fuji’ apple”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS single at 25 mL.L-1 gave adequate Fuji thinning.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e0
- Treatment
- a single application of this chemical at a rate of 25 mL.L-1e0
- Outcome
- adequate levels of thinninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single application of this chemical at a rate of 25 mL.L-1 resulted in adequate levels of thinning in ‘Fuji’ apple”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Double ATS at 25 mL.L-1 excessively thinned Fuji.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e0
- Treatment
- Double applications of ATS at a rate of 25 mL.L-1e0
- Outcome
- excess thinninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Double applications of ATS at a rate of 25 mL.L-1 resulted in excess thinning on ‘Fuji’ apple”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
NC-99 reduced Gala fruit set in 2013.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Treatment
- a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Double lime sulfur reduced Gala fruit set in 2013.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e1
- Treatment
- double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS reduced Jonathan fruit set.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Jonathan’e0
- Treatment
- applications of ATS at 25 mL.L-1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Jonathan’ apple, applications of ATS at 25 mL.L-1 significantly reduced fruit set and increased fruit size”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS increased Jonathan fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Jonathan’e0
- Treatment
- applications of ATS at 25 mL.L-1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Jonathan’ apple, applications of ATS at 25 mL.L-1 significantly reduced fruit set and increased fruit size”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime sulfur reduced Elberta peach fruit set.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae0 - Material
- ‘Elberta’e0
- Treatment
- lime sulfur at 6% with or without refined oile0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of lime sulfur at 6% with or without refined oil significantly reduced fruit set in ‘Elberta’ peach”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Six percent lime sulfur with oil reduced plum fruit set.
- Taxon
- plums
Prunus domesticae0 - Treatment
- lime sulfur at 6% with 1% refined oile0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plums, application of lime sulfur at 6% with 1% refined oil significantly reduced fruit set”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Three percent lime sulfur with oil did not affect plum fruit set.
- Taxon
- plumsPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 3% lime sulfur plus 1% oile0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of this mixture at 3% lime sulfur (3% lime sulfur plus 1% oil) did not affect fruit set”
t0“Calcium Polysulfides-Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, and NC-99 Blossom Thinners Impact Fruit Set of Apples, Peaches, and Plums”
e1“In ‘Gala’ apple, a single application of NC-99 at 3% or 6%, with and without refined oil, or double applications of lime sulfur, each time at 5%, significantly reduced fruit set in 2013”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →calcium atom · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →sulfur atom · yield · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
ammonium thiosulfate · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →sulfur atom · yield · Prunus domestica (plum)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
thiosulfate · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
lime · yield · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
lime · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.