Abstract
In the tropics of northern Australia the mango cultivar Kensington Pride exhibits erratic flowering and fruiting and low productivity. Two treatments to manipulate flowering were applied. The first, mango flowering treatment (MFT), involved cutting a cincture through the bark around the circumference of the tree trunk and tying into the cincture a length of twine soaked in a solution of morphactin, CF125. The second involved applying paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a soil drench around the trunk of the tree. Phenology, leaf gas exchange, and fruit yield were assessed over 2 seasons in 3 separate groups of trees in commercial orchards near Darwin. Both MFT and PBZ supported earlier and/or more intense flowering in the season of application than did control trees. The PBZ was re-applied annually and the beneficial effect on flowering occurred in successive years. The MFT was applied once only at the start of the experiment and the effect of MFT was not evident in the second season. The effect of MFT on gas exchange was characterised by a severe reduction in net carbon assimilation ( A max), stomatal conductance ( g s), and transpiration ( E ) for up to 4 months following treatment. Trees receiving PBZ generally had higher rates of leaf gas exchange than MFT trees but similar to control trees. During the dry season, leaves of MFT, control, and PBZ trees had similar rates of A max. In the year of application, chlorophyll content of MFT trees was lower than that of the other treatments, but in the second year it was very similar to control trees. PBZ trees had the highest chlorophyll content during the study. Commercial fruit yield of PBZ-treated trees was 2–3 times higher than that of control or MFT trees. Independent of the flowering treatments, A max followed a seasonal trend with an average rate of 9.05 µmol/m2.s (min. 4.42, max. 13.2) during the wet season (January–April), and 4.2 µmol/m2.s (min. 1.11, max. 8.7) during the dry season (May–October). Regression analysis demonstrated that 82% of the variation in g s and 76% of the variation in A max could be explained by the effect of vapour pressure deficit of the leaf (VPDL) in field-grown mango trees.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
MFT promoted earlier or more intense mango flowering than control.
- Taxon
- mango
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Mangifera indicat0 - Treatment
- MFTe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlier and/or more intensee0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both MFT and PBZ supported earlier and/or more intense flowering in the season of application than did control trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ promoted earlier or more intense mango flowering than control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlier and/or more intensee0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both MFT and PBZ supported earlier and/or more intense flowering in the season of application than did control trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
The flowering benefit from annual PBZ persisted in successive years.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PBZ was re-applied annually and the beneficial effect on flowering occurred in successive years”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
The single MFT application had no evident effect in the second season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- MFTe0
- Outcome
- effect of MFTe0
- Direction
- not evidente0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MFT was applied once only at the start of the experiment and the effect of MFT was not evident in the second season”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
MFT severely reduced carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration for up to four months.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- MFTe0
- Outcome
- net carbon assimilation ( A max), stomatal conductance ( g s), and transpiration ( E )e0
- Direction
- severe reductione0
- Value
- up to 4 monthse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of MFT on gas exchange was characterised by a severe reduction in net carbon assimilation ( A max), stomatal conductance ( g s), and transpiration ( E ) for up to 4 months following treatment”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ mango trees generally had higher leaf gas exchange than MFT trees.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchangee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MFT treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees receiving PBZ generally had higher rates of leaf gas exchange than MFT trees but similar to control trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ mango trees had gas exchange similar to controls.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchangee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees receiving PBZ generally had higher rates of leaf gas exchange than MFT trees but similar to control trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-season carbon assimilation was similar across MFT, control and PBZ trees.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- A maxe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the dry season, leaves of MFT, control, and PBZ trees had similar rates of A max”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
MFT reduced chlorophyll content in its application year.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- MFTe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the year of application, chlorophyll content of MFT trees was lower than that of the other treatments”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
MFT and control trees had similar chlorophyll content in year two.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- very similare0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content of MFT trees was lower than that of the other treatments, but in the second year it was very similar to control trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ trees had the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ trees had the highest chlorophyll content during the study”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ commercial fruit yield was two to three times control or MFT yield.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- Commercial fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2–3 timese0
- Comparator
- control or MFT treese0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial fruit yield of PBZ-treated trees was 2–3 times higher than that of control or MFT trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean mango carbon assimilation was 9.05 µmol/m2.s in the wet season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- A maxe0
- Value
- 9.05 µmol/m2.se0
- Setting
- wet seasone0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorDirectionQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A max followed a seasonal trend with an average rate of 9.05 µmol/m2.s (min. 4.42, max. 13.2) during the wet season”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean mango carbon assimilation was 4.2 µmol/m2.s in the dry season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- A maxe0
- Value
- 4.2 µmol/m2.se0
- Setting
- dry seasone0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorDirectionQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A max followed a seasonal trend with an average rate of 9.05 µmol/m2.s (min. 4.42, max. 13.2) during the wet season (January–April), and 4.2 µmol/m2.s (min. 1.11, max. 8.7) during the dry season”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf vapor pressure deficit explained 82% of mango stomatal conductance variation.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- variation in g se0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Qualifier
- vapour pressure deficit of the leafe0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“82% of the variation in g s and 76% of the variation in A max could be explained by the effect of vapour pressure deficit of the leaf (VPDL) in field-grown mango trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf vapor pressure deficit explained 76% of mango carbon assimilation variation.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- variation in A maxe0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Qualifier
- vapour pressure deficit of the leafe0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“82% of the variation in g s and 76% of the variation in A max could be explained by the effect of vapour pressure deficit of the leaf (VPDL) in field-grown mango trees”
t0“mango (cv. Kensington Pride)”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · yield · Mangifera indica (mango)Results differ
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 51 papers →paclobutrazol · physiology: gas exchange · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
paclobutrazol · phenology · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
27 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →stage · physiology: pigments · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.