Abstract
The eskimo1 (esk1) mutation of Arabidopsis resulted in a 5.5 degrees C improvement in freezing tolerance in the absence of cold acclimation. Here we show that the increase in freezing tolerance is not associated with any increase in the ability to survive drought or salt stresses, which are similar to freezing in their induction of cellular dehydration. Genome-wide comparisons of gene expression between esk1-1 and wild type indicate that mutations at esk1 result in altered expression of transcription factors and signaling components and of a set of stress-responsive genes. Interestingly, the list of 312 genes regulated by ESK1 shows greater overlap with sets of genes regulated by salt, osmotic and abscisic acid treatments than with genes regulated by cold acclimation or by the transcription factors CBF3 and ICE1, which have been shown to control genetic pathways for freezing tolerance. Map-based cloning identified the esk1 locus as At3g55990. The wild-type ESK1 gene encodes a 57-kDa protein and is a member of a large gene family of DUF231 domain proteins whose members encode a total of 45 proteins of unknown function. Our results indicate that ESK1 is a novel negative regulator of cold acclimation. Mutations in the ESK1 gene provide strong freezing tolerance through genetic regulation that is apparently very different from previously described genetic mechanisms of cold acclimation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The esk1 mutation improved freezing tolerance by 5.5 degrees C without cold acclimation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- eskimo1 (esk1) mutatione0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 5.5 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The eskimo1 (esk1) mutation of Arabidopsis resulted in a 5.5 degrees C improvement in freezing tolerance in the absence of cold acclimation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased freezing tolerance was not accompanied by improved drought or salt survival.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- ability to survive drought or salt stressese0
- Direction
- not associated with any increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in freezing tolerance is not associated with any increase in the ability to survive drought or salt stresses”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
esk1 mutations alter expression of transcription factors, signaling components and stress responsive genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutations at esk1e0
- Outcome
- expression of transcription factors and signaling components and of a set of stress-responsive genese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations at esk1 result in altered expression of transcription factors and signaling components and of a set of stress-responsive genes”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
The 312 ESK1-regulated genes overlap more with salt, osmotic and abscisic acid gene sets than cold acclimation, CBF3 or ICE1 sets.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ESK1e0
- Outcome
- overlap with sets of genese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 312 genese0
- Comparator
- genes regulated by cold acclimation or by the transcription factors CBF3 and ICE1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the list of 312 genes regulated by ESK1 shows greater overlap with sets of genes regulated by salt, osmotic and abscisic acid treatments than with genes regulated by cold acclimation or by the transcription factors CBF3 and ICE1”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
Map-based cloning identified esk1 as At3g55990.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- esk1e0
- Outcome
- esk1 locus as At3g55990e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Map-based cloning identified the esk1 locus as At3g55990”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-type ESK1 encodes a 57-kDa DUF231-domain protein.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ESK1e0
- Outcome
- encodes a 57-kDa proteine0
- Value
- 57-kDae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wild-type ESK1 gene encodes a 57-kDa protein and is a member of a large gene family of DUF231 domain proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
The DUF231 family has 45 proteins of unknown function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- proteins of unknown functione0
- Value
- 45 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“members encode a total of 45 proteins of unknown function”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer ESK1 negatively regulates cold acclimation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ESK1e0
- Outcome
- negative regulator of cold acclimatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ESK1 is a novel negative regulator of cold acclimation”
t0“Arabidopsis ESK1”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · tolerance: abiotic · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.