Abstract
Abstract Salinity and boron (B) toxicity often occur simultaneously and may have interactive effects on plant responses. This study aims at further investigating long‐term effects of salinity, B toxicity and their combination on wheat plants. Plants grown in hydroponics were treated with 2.5 μ m H 3 BO 3 (control), 75 m m NaCl, 200 μ m H 3 BO 3 or 75 m m NaCl + 200 μ m H 3 BO 3 and were analysed on a subcellular level 6 weeks after germination. Shoot fresh and dry weight (DW), water content, transpiration rate and osmolality were reduced, while Na + and Cl − concentrations increased under salinity stress. However, Cl − was reduced in all compartments by an additional application of B toxicity. At adequate B supply, NaCl increased apoplastic and symplastic soluble B concentrations, whereas the total B content remained unchanged. At high B level, however, soluble and total B was reduced by additional salt stress. Despite this antagonistic effect of a combined salt and B toxicity stress on Cl − and B concentrations, an additive effect was observed regarding shoot fresh weight reduction. Our results confirm an alleviating effect of the combined stresses on toxic ion concentrations, which did not prevent additive growth reductions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced wheat shoot fresh and dry weight, water content, transpiration rate and osmolality.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Shoot fresh and dry weight (DW), water content, transpiration rate and osmolalitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot fresh and dry weight (DW), water content, transpiration rate and osmolality were reduced, while Na + and Cl − concentrations increased under salinity stress”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased wheat sodium and chloride concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Na + and Cl − concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na + and Cl − concentrations increased under salinity stress”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional boron toxicity reduced chloride in all wheat compartments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- additional application of B toxicitye0
- Outcome
- Cl −e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- all compartmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cl − was reduced in all compartments by an additional application of B toxicity”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
At adequate boron supply, NaCl increased apoplastic and symplastic soluble boron concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- apoplastic and symplastic soluble B concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- At adequate B supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At adequate B supply, NaCl increased apoplastic and symplastic soluble B concentrations”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
At adequate boron supply, total boron content was unchanged with NaCl.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- total B contente0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
- Qualifier
- At adequate B supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At adequate B supply, NaCl increased apoplastic and symplastic soluble B concentrations, whereas the total B content remained unchanged”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
At high boron levels, additional salt stress reduced soluble and total boron.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- additional salt stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble and total Be0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- At high B levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high B level, however, soluble and total B was reduced by additional salt stress”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and boron toxicity had an additive effect on wheat shoot fresh weight reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined salt and B toxicity stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an additive effect was observed regarding shoot fresh weight reduction”
e1“combined salt and B toxicity stress”
t0“Wheat Leaves”
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See all 377 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.