Abstract
Intensive farming with high yielding cultivars, application of high analysis NPK fertilisers, and reduced use of organic manures caused a decrease in the availability of zinc (Zn) in Indian soils. We collected soil and plant samples from an ongoing long-term experiment at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the distribution of different fractions of Zn in an Inceptisol and their contribution towards the Zn availability in soil and Zn uptake in maize–wheat crop rotation. The treatments used for the study were NPK, NPK + FYM, NPK + Zn, and control (no fertiliser or manure). The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied and declined with an increase in soil depth. The distribution of different fractions of Zn under various treatments and depths was inconsistent, and varied in a cropping year. The average concentration of total Zn (mg/kg) was 183, 183, 171, and 211 in 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depth, respectively. Residual Zn was the dominant portion of total Zn at all soil depths. Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments, whereas, the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha. Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots. Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxides contributed directly towards DTPA-extractable Zn. Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn) contributed significantly towards Zn uptake by the 2 crops.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DTPA-Zn was higher with Zn application.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DTPA-Zn declined as soil depth increased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied and declined with an increase in soil depth.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fraction distributions varied by treatment, depth, and cropping year.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distribution of different fractions of Zn under various treatments and depths was inconsistent, and varied in a cropping year.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil Zn averaged 183, 183, 171, and 211 mg/kg at successive reported depths.
- Outcome
- concentration of total Zne0
- Value
- 183, 183, 171, and 211e0
- Qualifier
- 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average concentration of total Zn (mg/kg) was 183, 183, 171, and 211 in 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depth, respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual Zn dominated total Zn at every soil depth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual Zn was the dominant portion of total Zn at all soil depths.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha across treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stover yield ranged from 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha across treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield ranged from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- yield of wheat graine0
- Value
- 2.25 to 4.69 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw yield ranged from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat strawe0
- Value
- 2.56 to 5.20 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize had its highest Zn uptake in Zn-treated plots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had its highest Zn uptake in Zn-treated plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn-treated plotse0
- Outcome
- uptake of Zne0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate, and iron and aluminum oxides contributed to DTPA-extractable Zn.
- Compound
- Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxidese0
- Outcome
- DTPA-extractable Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxides contributed directly towards DTPA-extractable Zn.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbed Zn and organic-matter-associated Zn contributed significantly to crop Zn uptake.
- Compound
- Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn)e0
- Outcome
- Zn uptake by the 2 cropse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn) contributed significantly towards Zn uptake by the 2 crops.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.