Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a key role in the transcriptional regulation of stress-induced gene expression in plants. In this study, we showed that the overall acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4 lysine 5 (H4K5) in the genome were increased in maize seedlings after mannitol treatment (to mimic osmotic stress). Mannitol treatment significantly induced the upregulation of the maize osmotic stress responsive gene Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A), whereas abscisic acid (ABA) did not result in the induction of this gene. The application of exogenous ABA under osmotic stress conditions strongly repressed the induction of the ZmDREB2A gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin accessibility by real-time PCR experiments revealed that the promoter region of the ZmDREB2A gene was quickly hyperacetylated and decondensed after the mannitol treatment, suggesting that the promoter region is poised for histone acetylation to allow for fast induction of the ZmDREB2A gene. However, under osmotic stress conditions, the ABA treatment decreased the acetylation status and chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. These results suggest that osmotic stress activates the transcription of the ZmDREB2A gene by increasing the levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H4K5 associated with the ZmDREB2A promoter region.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol increased genome-wide histone H3K9 acetylation in maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- mannitol treatmente0
- Gene
- histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9)e0
- Outcome
- overall acetylation levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overall acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4 lysine 5 (H4K5) in the genome were increased in maize seedlings after mannitol treatment (to mimic osmotic stress).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol increased genome-wide histone H4K5 acetylation in maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- mannitol treatmente0
- Gene
- H4 lysine 5 (H4K5)e0
- Outcome
- overall acetylation levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overall acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4 lysine 5 (H4K5) in the genome were increased in maize seedlings after mannitol treatment (to mimic osmotic stress).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol significantly upregulated maize ZmDREB2A.
- Treatment
- Mannitol treatmente0
- Gene
- Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A)e0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mannitol treatment significantly induced the upregulation of the maize osmotic stress responsive gene Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA did not induce ZmDREB2A expression.
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae1
- Outcome
- induction of this genee0
- Direction
- did not resulte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid (ABA) did not result in the induction of this gene.”
e1“Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA under osmotic stress strongly repressed ZmDREB2A induction.
- Treatment
- application of exogenous ABA under osmotic stress conditionse0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- induction of the ZmDREB2A genee0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of exogenous ABA under osmotic stress conditions strongly repressed the induction of the ZmDREB2A gene.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol quickly hyperacetylated the ZmDREB2A promoter.
- Treatment
- mannitol treatmente0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- promoter region of the ZmDREB2A genee0
- Direction
- hyperacetylatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the promoter region of the ZmDREB2A gene was quickly hyperacetylated and decondensed after the mannitol treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol quickly decondensed the ZmDREB2A promoter.
- Treatment
- mannitol treatmente0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- promoter region of the ZmDREB2A genee0
- Direction
- decondensede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the promoter region of the ZmDREB2A gene was quickly hyperacetylated and decondensed after the mannitol treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under osmotic stress, ABA decreased histone acetylation.
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- acetylation statuse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under osmotic stress conditions, the ABA treatment decreased the acetylation status and chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under osmotic stress, ABA decreased chromatin accessibility.
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nucleasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under osmotic stress conditions, the ABA treatment decreased the acetylation status and chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that osmotic stress activates ZmDREB2A transcription through increased promoter histone acetylation.
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- transcription of the ZmDREB2A genee0
- Qualifier
- increasing the levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H4K5 associated with the ZmDREB2A promoter regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“osmotic stress activates the transcription of the ZmDREB2A gene by increasing the levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H4K5 associated with the ZmDREB2A promoter region.”
t0“maize”
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