Abstract
The effects of press wheel compaction at sowing, seed soaking before sowing and water injection at sowing on the establishment of grain sorghum and sunflower were compared in nine experiments at nine sites. Press wheel compaction always hastened the emergence of sorghum, but seed soaking and water injection each hastened emergence in only three of eight experiments. The press wheel always improved final sorghum establishment, but seed soaking and water injection had no effect. Press wheel compaction hastened the emergence of sunflower in seven of nine sowings but delayed emergence in the other two; seed soaking hastened emergence in six and water injection in four of nine sowings. In 10 sowings, the press wheel increased final sunflower establishment in seven, and reduced it in one; seed soaking increased establishment in two and water injection in one. Various quantities of water injection (0, 40, 80 and 160 ml/m of row) were tested in relatively dry seedbeds at two sites. Additional increments of water gave slightly faster emergence, but amounts of 0- 160 ml/m gave the same final establishment of both sorghum and sunflower.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Press wheel compaction always hastened sorghum emergence.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Press wheel compaction always hastened the emergence of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking hastened sorghum emergence in three of eight experiments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking and water injection each hastened emergence in only three of eight experiments”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Water injection hastened sorghum emergence in three of eight experiments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking and water injection each hastened emergence in only three of eight experiments”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Press wheel compaction always improved final sorghum establishment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The press wheel always improved final sorghum establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking did not affect final sorghum establishment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The press wheel always improved final sorghum establishment, but seed soaking and water injection had no effect”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Water injection did not affect final sorghum establishment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The press wheel always improved final sorghum establishment, but seed soaking and water injection had no effect”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Press wheel compaction hastened sunflower emergence in seven sowings and delayed it in two.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Press wheel compactione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- hastenede0
- Value
- seven of nine sowingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Press wheel compaction hastened the emergence of sunflower in seven of nine sowings but delayed emergence in the other two”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking hastened sunflower emergence in six sowings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- hastenede0
- Value
- sixe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking hastened emergence in six and water injection in four of nine sowings”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Water injection hastened sunflower emergence in four of nine sowings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- water injectione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- hastenede0
- Value
- four of nine sowingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking hastened emergence in six and water injection in four of nine sowings”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Press wheel treatment increased sunflower establishment in seven sowings and reduced it in one.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- press wheele0
- Outcome
- final sunflower establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- sevene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the press wheel increased final sunflower establishment in seven, and reduced it in one”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking increased sunflower establishment in two sowings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- twoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking increased establishment in two and water injection in one”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Water injection increased sunflower establishment in one sowing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- water injectione0
- Outcome
- establishmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- onee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking increased establishment in two and water injection in one”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher water increments slightly hastened emergence in dry seedbeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional increments of water gave slightly faster emergence”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Water injection from 0 to 160 ml/m gave the same final establishment for sorghum and sunflower.
- Taxon
- sorghum and sunflowerHelianthus annuus
Sorghume0 - Treatment
- 0- 160 ml/me0
- Outcome
- final establishmente0
- Direction
- samee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amounts of 0- 160 ml/m gave the same final establishment of both sorghum and sunflower”
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