Abstract
Abstract The mildew fungicide triforine is incompatible with calcium chloride used to reduce the incidence of bitter pit in apples. Two commercial non‐ionic surfactants delayed sedimentation in spray mixtures containing both triforine and calcium chloride. The biological efficiency of triforine, alone or with calcium chloride plus surfactant, was tested in an orchard trial which included binapacryl, alone or with calcium chloride, as ‘standard’ treatment. Triforine (weekly or fortnightly) controlled mildew on Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious better than binapacryl, and the addition of calcium chloride did not affect adversely the control by either fungicide. The added calcium chloride had little effect on the deposition and persistence of the fungicides. The inclusion of calcium chloride in spray programmes slightly improved the yields (both cultivars) and russet grade (Cox only) associated with each fungicide. Calcium chloride sprays, whether mixed or alternated, increased the calcium levels in postharvest fruit for both varieties, and decreased the incidence of bitter pit for Cox after storage for 5½ months. No adverse effect was associated with the inclusion of the surfactants in tank mixtures containing either fungicide.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Triforine (weekly or fortnightly) controlled apple powdery mildew better than binapacryl on Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious in an orchard trial.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Deliciouse1
- Treatment
- Triforine (weekly or fortnightly)e1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewt0pathogen
- Outcome
- mildewe1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- binapacryle1
- Setting
- orchard triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biological efficiency of triforine, alone or with calcium chloride plus surfactant, was tested in an orchard trial which included binapacryl”
e1“Triforine (weekly or fortnightly) controlled mildew on Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious better than binapacryl”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium chloride did not affect adversely the control of apple powdery mildew by either fungicide.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- addition of calcium chloridee2
- Interactor
- powdery mildewt0pathogen
- Outcome
- control by either fungicidee2
- Direction
- did not affect adverselye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the addition of calcium chloride did not affect adversely the control by either fungicide”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride sprays increased calcium levels in postharvest apple fruit for both varieties.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- postharvest fruite5
- Treatment
- Calcium chloride sprayse5
- Outcome
- calcium levelse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Calcium chloride sprays, whether mixed or alternated, increased the calcium levels in postharvest fruit for both varieties”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride sprays decreased the incidence of bitter pit in Cox apples after storage for 5½ months.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe6
- Treatment
- Calcium chloride sprayse5
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- after storage for 5½ monthse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Calcium chloride sprays, whether mixed or alternated, increased the calcium levels in postharvest fruit for both varieties”
e6“decreased the incidence of bitter pit for Cox after storage for 5½ months”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride in spray programmes slightly improved apple yields for both cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- inclusion of calcium chloride in spray programmese4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- slightlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The inclusion of calcium chloride in spray programmes slightly improved the yields (both cultivars) and russet grade (Cox only) associated with each fungicide”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride in spray programmes improved russet grade for Cox apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe4
- Treatment
- inclusion of calcium chloride in spray programmese4
- Outcome
- russet gradee4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The inclusion of calcium chloride in spray programmes slightly improved the yields (both cultivars) and russet grade (Cox only) associated with each fungicide”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Two commercial surfactants delayed sedimentation in spray mixtures containing triforine and calcium chloride.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- surfactantse7
- Outcome
- sedimentatione7
- Direction
- delayede7
- Qualifier
- spray mixtures containing both triforine and calcium chloridee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“surfactants delayed sedimentation in spray mixtures containing both triforine and calcium chloride”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding surfactants to tank mixtures containing either fungicide had no adverse effect on apple spray mixtures.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- inclusion of the surfactants in tank mixturese7
- Outcome
- adverse effecte7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“No adverse effect was associated with the inclusion of the surfactants in tank mixtures containing either fungicide”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Added calcium chloride had little effect on the deposition and persistence of the fungicides on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- added calcium chloridee3
- Outcome
- deposition and persistence of the fungicidese3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The added calcium chloride had little effect on the deposition and persistence of the fungicides”
t0“Efficiency of triforine and binapacryl in tank mixtures with calcium chloride against apple powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Triforine is incompatible with calcium chloride in apple spray mixtures.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- triforinee0
- Outcome
- incompatiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mildew fungicide triforine is incompatible with calcium chloride used to reduce the incidence of bitter pit in apples”
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