Abstract
Interaction between aluminum (Al) and boron (B) in Al accumulator species has not been characterized so far. In this work, tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plants were cultivated hydroponically and treated with adequate (control) or low B supply (-B) without or with 300 μM Al (-B+Al) for 14 weeks. Growth of B-deficient plants was completely resumed by Al supplementation or even surpassed control plants regarding shoot biomass. Net photosynthetic rate was negatively influenced by the low B supply, and the Al treatment increased it up to the level of the control plants that was reflected in the higher content of saccharides. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the younger leaves decreased at the low B supply accompanied with an increased H2O2 content. The Al treatment increased the APX activity up to the level of the control plants simultaneously with the reduction of H2O2. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased in the low B plants and the Al treatment augmented this effect. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves increased by low B but declined upon the Al treatment. In the Al-treated plants, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and the content of free α-amino acids exceeded those of the control plants, and nitrite concentration diminished. The shoot and root B content of the B-deficient plants supplemented with Al was similar with the B-sufficient ones. The results demonstrate that the up-regulation of C and N metabolism, the activation of antioxidative defense, and the enhancement of B uptake and transport were mechanisms for growth amelioration of the B-deficient plants by Al supplementation in tea.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Al supplementation restored growth of boron-deficient tea plants.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of B-deficient plants was completely resumed by Al supplementation or even surpassed control plants regarding shoot biomass.”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al supplementation increased shoot biomass beyond controls.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of B-deficient plants was completely resumed by Al supplementation or even surpassed control plants regarding shoot biomass.”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low boron lowered net photosynthetic rate.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate was negatively influenced by the low B supply”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al restored net photosynthetic rate to the control level.
Not reportedOutcome
Verbatim
e0“the Al treatment increased it up to the level of the control plants”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment was associated with higher saccharide content.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“reflected in the higher content of saccharides”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low boron decreased leaf APX activity.
- Taxon
- teat0
- Treatment
- low B supplye0
- Outcome
- activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the younger leaves decreased at the low B supply”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low boron increased H2O2 content.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“accompanied with an increased H2O2 content”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al restored APX activity.
Verbatim
e0“The Al treatment increased the APX activity up to the level of the control plants”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment reduced H2O2.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“simultaneously with the reduction of H2O2”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low boron increased SOD and POD activity.
- Taxon
- teat0
- Treatment
- low B plantse0
- Outcome
- Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased in the low B plants”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al augmented the SOD and POD response.
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“the Al treatment augmented this effect”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low boron increased leaf MDA.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves increased by low B”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al reduced leaf MDA.
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“declined upon the Al treatment”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased nitrate reductase activity over control.
Verbatim
e0“In the Al-treated plants, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and the content of free α-amino acids exceeded those of the control plants”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased free amino acids over control.
Verbatim
e0“In the Al-treated plants, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and the content of free α-amino acids exceeded those of the control plants”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrite concentration diminished with Al.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“nitrite concentration diminished”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Al supplemented deficient plants had shoot and root B content similar to sufficient plants.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot and root B content of the B-deficient plants supplemented with Al was similar with the B-sufficient ones”
t0“tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute Al rescue of boron deficient tea growth to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant defense, and boron uptake and transport.
Verbatim
e0“the up-regulation of C and N metabolism, the activation of antioxidative defense, and the enhancement of B uptake and transport were mechanisms for growth amelioration of the B-deficient plants by Al supplementation in tea”
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