Abstract
Abstract The time of flowering and pegging during the early development of the peanut plant are heritable and correlated This research was designed to determine the effects of photoperiod on the periodicity of flowering and subsequent peg growth within specific portions of the life cycle of the peanut plant. A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., C2 (PI 262000), was used in the investigations. Plants exposed to long‐day treatments (light interrupted 15‐hour dark period) in growth chambers of the North Carolina State University Phytotron Unit, produced 1.84 times more flowers per plant than those grown in 9 hour photoperiods. Plants in short‐day treatments reached flowering peaks earlier than those in long‐day chambers and produced 134.4 shellable fruit per plant in contrast to 34.1 fruit per plant for long‐day treatments. The reproductive efficiency, relative to other plant traits, was also enhanced by growing the plants in short‐day photoperiods. Twenty‐seven percent of the flowers on plants grown under short days produced shellable fruit resulting in 106.5 g of seed per plant. Only 3.8% of the flowers on plants in long‐day chambers produced shellable fruit resulting in 12.1 g of seed per plant. The proportion of seed weight to plant top weight was 59.6% in short‐day regimes compared to 3.0% in long‐day regimes. The peanut, unlike other plants, has three distinct steps in the reproductive process. These are the flowers, the peg, and the fruit. To measure the responses of the plants in each of these reproductive steps to changes in photoperiod, seven different sequences of photoperiods were applied to the plants over three 36‐day growth periods. The stage most sensitive to changes in photoperiod was found to be that period when the plant was between 36 and 72 days of age. Substituting short days for long days during this growth caused increased numbers of pegs, increased peg growth, increased fruit numbers, increased fruit weight, increased seed weight, and increased seed weight per plant weight. Plant weight was decreased by the same substitution. The dramatic changes in flowering periodicity and increased rates of growth for reproductive traits when plants are exposed to shortday growth periods will serve as selection criteria in segregating populations of crosses between Spanish and Virginia‐type peanuts. The latter are large‐seeded and later maturing than lines used in this study.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Long days produced 1.84 times more flowers per plant than 9 hour photoperiods.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Material
- C2 (PI 262000)e0
- Treatment
- long‐day treatments (light interrupted 15‐hour dark period)e1
- Outcome
- flowers per plante2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 1.84 timese2
- Comparator
- 9 hour photoperiodse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., C2 (PI 262000)”
e1“long‐day treatments (light interrupted 15‐hour dark period)”
e2“produced 1.84 times more flowers per plant than those grown in 9 hour photoperiods”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days led to earlier flowering peaks than long days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short‐day treatmentse1
- Outcome
- flowering peakse1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- long‐day chamberse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Plants in short‐day treatments reached flowering peaks earlier than those in long‐day chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days produced 134.4 shellable fruit per plant versus 34.1 under long days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short‐day treatmentse2
- Outcome
- shellable fruit per plante1
- Value
- 134.4 shellable fruit per plante1
- Comparator
- long‐day treatmentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“produced 134.4 shellable fruit per plant in contrast to 34.1 fruit per plant for long‐day treatments”
e2“Plants in short‐day treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-seven percent of short-day flowers yielded shellable fruit versus 3.8% on long days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short dayse1
- Outcome
- flowers on plants grown under short days produced shellable fruite1
- Value
- Twenty‐seven percente1
- Qualifier
- 3.8%e2
- Comparator
- long‐day chamberse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Twenty‐seven percent of the flowers on plants grown under short days produced shellable fruit”
e2“Only 3.8% of the flowers on plants in long‐day chambers produced shellable fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day plants yielded 106.5 g seed per plant versus 12.1 g under long days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short dayse3
- Outcome
- seed per plante1
- Value
- 106.5 ge1
- Qualifier
- 12.1 ge2
- Comparator
- long‐day chamberse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“resulting in 106.5 g of seed per plant”
e2“resulting in 12.1 g of seed per plant”
e3“flowers on plants grown under short days produced shellable fruit”
e4“flowers on plants in long‐day chambers produced shellable fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight relative to top weight was 59.6% under short days versus 3.0% under long days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short‐day regimese1
- Outcome
- proportion of seed weight to plant top weighte1
- Value
- 59.6%e1
- Qualifier
- 3.0%e1
- Comparator
- long‐day regimese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“The proportion of seed weight to plant top weight was 59.6% in short‐day regimes compared to 3.0% in long‐day regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
The period from 36 to 72 days of age was most sensitive to photoperiod changes.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- stage most sensitive to changes in photoperiode1
- Value
- between 36 and 72 days of agee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“The stage most sensitive to changes in photoperiod was found to be that period when the plant was between 36 and 72 days of age”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing long days with short days at 36–72 days increased peg number, peg growth and fruit number.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short dayse1
- Outcome
- increased numbers of pegs, increased peg growth, increased fruit numberse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- long dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Substituting short days for long days during this growth caused increased numbers of pegs, increased peg growth, increased fruit numbers, increased fruit weight, increased seed weight, and increased seed weight per plant weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing long days with short days increased fruit weight, seed weight and seed weight per plant weight.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short dayse1
- Outcome
- fruit weight, increased seed weight, and increased seed weight per plant weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- long dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Substituting short days for long days during this growth caused increased numbers of pegs, increased peg growth, increased fruit numbers, increased fruit weight, increased seed weight, and increased seed weight per plant weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing long days with short days decreased plant weight.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- short dayse2
- Outcome
- Plant weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- long dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Spanish‐type peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Plant weight was decreased by the same substitution”
e2“Substituting short days for long days during this growth”
The same questions in other papers
light · phenology · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
light · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →light · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.