Abstract
Abstract In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of salinity and Fe chelate on growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. c.v. Record) was studied. Sunflower plants were grown in nutrient solution with four levels of salinity (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 atm), induced by NaCl and four rates of Fe chelate (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, ppm Fe) as FeEDDHA. The experiment was a completely randomized design with treatment combinations arranged in a factorial manner with three replications. Dry matter yield, shoot‐root ratio, leaf area, plant height and transpiration decreased as salinity increased, the effect of salinity being depressed by iron applications. Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots, while Fe applications increased uptake of these elements in roots and shoots. Both salinity and iron applications increased Cl, Na and Fe uptake by roots and shoots, as expected. In most instances salinity reduced uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn by the plants while iron applications improved uptake of these elements. The sunflower plant used in this experiment was found to be, at least partly, tolerant to salinity and decreased water availability as well as toxicity of ions. Nutritional disorders were the cause of decreased plant growth by increasing salinity of the nutrient solution. The decreased plant growth and mineral uptake, induced by salinity, were partially offset by increased iron levels in the nutrient solution.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased dry matter yield, shoot-root ratio and leaf area of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Dry matter yield, shoot‐root ratio, leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Dry matter yield, shoot‐root ratio, leaf area, plant height and transpiration decreased as salinity increased”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased plant height and transpiration of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant height and transpiratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Dry matter yield, shoot‐root ratio, leaf area, plant height and transpiration decreased as salinity increased”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron applications depressed the effect of salinity on sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- iron applicationse1
- Outcome
- effect of salinitye1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“the effect of salinity being depressed by iron applications”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced uptake of P, K and Ca by sunflower roots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- P, K, Cae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced uptake of Mg by sunflower roots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- Mge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced uptake of N, P and K by sunflower shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced uptake of Ca and Mg by sunflower shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- Ca, Mge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe applications increased uptake of these elements in sunflower roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- Fe applicationse1
- Outcome
- uptake of these elementse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“while Fe applications increased uptake of these elements in roots and shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased uptake of Cl, Na and Fe by sunflower roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Cl, Na and Fe uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Both salinity and iron applications increased Cl, Na and Fe uptake by roots and shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron applications increased uptake of Cl, Na and Fe by sunflower roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- iron applicationse1
- Outcome
- Cl, Na and Fe uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Both salinity and iron applications increased Cl, Na and Fe uptake by roots and shoots”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn by sunflower in most instances.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- uptake of Fe, Mn and Zne1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- In most instancese1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“In most instances salinity reduced uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn by the plants”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron applications improved uptake of these elements in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- iron applicationse1
- Outcome
- uptake of these elementse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“iron applications improved uptake of these elements”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower was at least partly tolerant to salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- tolerant to salinitye1
- Qualifier
- at least partlye1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“The sunflower plant used in this experiment was found to be, at least partly, tolerant to salinity”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutritional disorders caused decreased sunflower growth under salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- decreased plant growthe1
- Qualifier
- Nutritional disorderse1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Nutritional disorders were the cause of decreased plant growth by increasing salinity of the nutrient solution”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased iron levels in the nutrient solution partly offset salinity-induced decreases in sunflower growth and mineral uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increased iron levels in the nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- plant growth and mineral uptakee1
- Direction
- partially offsete1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a greenhouse experiment”
e1“The decreased plant growth and mineral uptake, induced by salinity, were partially offset by increased iron levels in the nutrient solution”
t0“growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (helianthus annuus L.)”
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