Abstract
Conditions to promote dark morphogenesis and flower-ing in Arabidopsis have previously been limited to liquid cultures and to a few laboratory ecotypes. We have obtained development and flowering of Arabidopsis plants under complete darkness by growing them on vertical Petri dishes containing solid agar medium with sucrose. Under these conditions, all the ecotypes tested were able to develop, giving rise to etiolated plants that flowered after producing a certain number of leaves. Dark-grown plants showed similarities with phytochrome-deficient mutants and were different from de-etiolated or constitutive photomorphogenesis mutants such as det and cop. Late- and early-flowering ecotypes, showing large differences in flowering time and leaf number under long days, flowered with a similar number of leaves when grown in the dark. Rapid dark flowering of late-flowering ecotypes was not an effect of darkness but the result of the interaction between dark and sucrose availability at the aerial part of the plant, since sucrose also had an effect when plants were grown in the light. Gibberellin-deficient and insensitive mutants were delayed in the initiation of flowers in the dark, indicating a role for these hormones in flowering promotion in the dark. The late-flowering phenotype of mutants at different loci of the autonomous and long-day-dependent flowering induction pathways was rescued in dark growth conditions. However, the late-flowering phenotype of ft and fwa mutants was not rescued by sucrose either in the dark or in the light, suggesting a different role for these genes in flowering induction.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed other-oa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis developed and flowered in complete darkness on vertical solid agar dishes with sucrose.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- solid agar medium with sucrosee0
- Outcome
- development and floweringe0
- Setting
- vertical Petri dishese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have obtained development and flowering of Arabidopsis plants under complete darkness by growing them on vertical Petri dishes containing solid agar medium with sucrose.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested Arabidopsis ecotypes developed into etiolated plants and flowered after producing leaves under these conditions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- all the ecotypes testede0
- Outcome
- etiolated plants that flowerede0
- Qualifier
- after producing a certain number of leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under these conditions, all the ecotypes tested were able to develop, giving rise to etiolated plants that flowered after producing a certain number of leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown Arabidopsis resembled phytochrome-deficient mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Dark-grown plantse0
- Outcome
- showed similaritiese0
- Comparator
- phytochrome-deficient mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dark-grown plants showed similarities with phytochrome-deficient mutants and were different from de-etiolated or constitutive photomorphogenesis mutants such as det and cop.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown Arabidopsis differed from det and cop mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Dark-grown plantse0
- Outcome
- were differente0
- Comparator
- det and cope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dark-grown plants showed similarities with phytochrome-deficient mutants and were different from de-etiolated or constitutive photomorphogenesis mutants such as det and cop.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and late flowering ecotypes flowered with a similar leaf number in darkness.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Late- and early-flowering ecotypese0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- long dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late- and early-flowering ecotypes, showing large differences in flowering time and leaf number under long days, flowered with a similar number of leaves when grown in the dark.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose availability on the aerial plant part interacted with darkness to cause rapid flowering of late flowering ecotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- late-flowering ecotypese0
- Organ / stage
- aerial part of the plante0
- Compound
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- Rapid dark floweringe0
- Qualifier
- interaction between dark and sucrose availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rapid dark flowering of late-flowering ecotypes was not an effect of darkness but the result of the interaction between dark and sucrose availability at the aerial part of the plant, since sucrose also had an effect when plants were grown in the light.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose also affected Arabidopsis flowering in the light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Qualifier
- when plants were grown in the lighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose also had an effect when plants were grown in the light.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin deficient and insensitive mutants were delayed in flower initiation in darkness.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Gibberellin-deficient and insensitive mutantse0
- Outcome
- initiation of flowerse0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- in the darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellin-deficient and insensitive mutants were delayed in the initiation of flowers in the dark, indicating a role for these hormones in flowering promotion in the dark.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark growth rescued late flowering in mutants of autonomous and long day dependent pathways.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- mutants at different loci of the autonomous and long-day-dependent flowering induction pathwayse0
- Treatment
- dark growth conditionse0
- Outcome
- late-flowering phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The late-flowering phenotype of mutants at different loci of the autonomous and long-day-dependent flowering induction pathways was rescued in dark growth conditions.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose did not rescue late flowering of ft and fwa mutants in darkness or light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- sucrosee0
- Gene
- ft and fwae0
- Outcome
- late-flowering phenotypee0
- Direction
- not rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the late-flowering phenotype of ft and fwa mutants was not rescued by sucrose either in the dark or in the light,”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
agar · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
sucrose · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →in vitro · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.