Abstract
Abstract The aim of the study was to examine effect of foliar titanium (Ti) application on vigor, fruiting, and quality and fruit storability of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. The experiment was carried out during 2000–2001 on mature “Szampion” apple trees/M.26 planted in a course-textured soil with a low level of organic matter and optimal status of nutrients. The trees were sprayed with TiCl4 solution: (1) before blooming, at the stage of green and pink bud; (2) during blooming, at the beginning of flowering and the petal fall; (3) after blooming, 1 and 3 weeks after petal fall; and (4) before fruit picking, 4 and 2 weeks before commercial harvest. In each spray, Ti was applied at a rate of 2.5 g ha−1. Trees sprayed with water served as a control. The results showed that foliar Ti sprays had no effect on vigor, fruit set, yielding, and appearance and apple storability. Foliar Ti application after flowering increased leaf Ti 30, 60, and 90 days after full bloom. Titanium sprays before harvest enhanced status of this element in fruit and leaves 90 days after bloom. Concentrations of essential macro- and microelements in leaf and fruit tissues were not affected by foliar Ti sprays. These results indicate that foliar Ti sprays of apple trees are not beneficial under conditions of optimal nutrition.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ti sprays did not affect vigor, fruit set, yield, appearance or storability.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- foliar Ti sprayse0
- Outcome
- vigor, fruit set, yielding, and appearance and apple storabilitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Ti sprays had no effect on vigor, fruit set, yielding, and appearance and apple storability”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ti after flowering increased leaf Ti at 30, 60 and 90 days after full bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ti application after floweringe0
- Outcome
- leaf Tie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 30, 60, and 90 days after full bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree”
e0“Foliar Ti application after flowering increased leaf Ti 30, 60, and 90 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Titanium sprays before harvest increased fruit titanium status.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Titanium sprays before harveste0
- Outcome
- status of this element in fruite0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 90 days after bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree”
e0“Titanium sprays before harvest enhanced status of this element in fruit and leaves 90 days after bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Titanium sprays before harvest increased leaf titanium status 90 days after bloom.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Titanium sprays before harveste0
- Outcome
- status of this element in fruit and leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 90 days after bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree”
e0“Titanium sprays before harvest enhanced status of this element in fruit and leaves 90 days after bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ti sprays did not affect essential macro- and microelement concentrations in leaves and fruit.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- foliar Ti sprayse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of essential macro- and microelements in leaf and fruit tissuese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree”
e0“Concentrations of essential macro- and microelements in leaf and fruit tissues were not affected by foliar Ti sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded foliar Ti sprays are not beneficial for apple trees under optimal nutrition.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- not beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- under conditions of optimal nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree”
e0“foliar Ti sprays of apple trees are not beneficial under conditions of optimal nutrition”
The same questions in other papers
titanium atom · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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- positive
titanium atom · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.