Abstract
Abstract Three particle size ranges of calcitic and dolomitic limestones were applied at 4.5, 9, and 13.5 metric tons/ha. Evaluations were designed to determine the most efficient treatment for neutralizing soil acidity, and increasing crop production in Katy fine sandy loam (pH 5.2) and Boy loamy fine sand (pH 5.4). Liming effects were evaluated by soil and plant analyses. Efficiency rating (ER) was used to describe the limestone particle size ranges. Finer limestone particles were assigned higher relative efficiency values. The sum of the products of particle size percentage ranges multiplied by the relative efficiency assigned those ranges, times the neutralizing value of that limestone is the ER. Increases in soil pH were proportional to limestone ER and application rate. Calcitic limestone neutralized soil acidity more rapidly than did dolomitic. We found a statistically significant increase in calcium (Ca) in the 30‐ to 46‐cm depth of Boy loamy fine sand at the 13.5 metric ton/ha rate of ER 110 calcitic limestone. This was probably due to 689 kg of N/ha applied as NH 4 NO 3 the first year following limestone treatment. Magnesium (Mg) increased in the 30‐ to 46‐cm depth due to all dolomitic treatments. Limestone did not increase the yield of corn ( Zea mays L.) or Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon Dactylon L. Pers.) in the harvest year. All treatments of calcitic limestone significantly increased the Ca percentage in corn. All dolomitic limestone treatments except the ER 26 material applied at 4.5 metric tons/ha increased Mg concentration in corn leaves and Coastal bermuda‐grass. Manganese toxicity occurred in corn plants growing in nonlimed plots the third season following treatment. Soil acidity and reducing conditions contributed to the toxicity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH rose with limestone efficiency rating and application rate.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- limestone ER and application ratee0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- Increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn and Coastal Bermudagrass”
e0“Increases in soil pH were proportional to limestone ER and application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcitic limestone neutralized soil acidity faster than dolomitic limestone.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- soil aciditye0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Comparator
- dolomitice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn and Coastal Bermudagrass”
e0“Calcitic limestone neutralized soil acidity more rapidly than did dolomitic”
Claim · model-written summary
ER 110 calcitic limestone at 13.5 metric ton/ha increased calcium at 30–46 cm in Boy soil.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 13.5 metric ton/ha rate of ER 110 calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca) in the 30‐ to 46‐cm depth of Boy loamy fine sande0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn and Coastal Bermudagrass”
e0“statistically significant increase in calcium (Ca) in the 30‐ to 46‐cm depth of Boy loamy fine sand at the 13.5 metric ton/ha rate of ER 110 calcitic limestone”
Claim · model-written summary
All dolomitic treatments increased magnesium at 30–46 cm.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- all dolomitic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Magnesium (Mg)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn and Coastal Bermudagrass”
e0“Magnesium (Mg) increased in the 30‐ to 46‐cm depth due to all dolomitic treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone did not increase corn yield in the harvest year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Limestonee0
- Outcome
- yield of corne0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- harvest yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limestone did not increase the yield of corn ( Zea mays L.) or Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon Dactylon L. Pers.) in the harvest year”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone did not increase Coastal bermudagrass yield in the harvest year.
- Taxon
- Coastal bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- Limestonee0
- Outcome
- yield of corn ( Zea mays L.) or Coastal bermudagrasse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- harvest yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Limestone did not increase the yield of corn ( Zea mays L.) or Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon Dactylon L. Pers.) in the harvest year”
Claim · model-written summary
All calcitic limestone treatments increased corn calcium percentage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- All treatments of calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- Ca percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments of calcitic limestone significantly increased the Ca percentage in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Most dolomitic treatments increased corn leaf magnesium.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestone treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Mg concentration in corn leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except the ER 26 material applied at 4.5 metric tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All dolomitic limestone treatments except the ER 26 material applied at 4.5 metric tons/ha increased Mg concentration in corn leaves and Coastal bermuda‐grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Most dolomitic treatments increased Coastal bermudagrass magnesium.
- Taxon
- Coastal bermuda‐grasse0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestone treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Mg concentration in corn leaves and Coastal bermuda‐grasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except the ER 26 material applied at 4.5 metric tons/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All dolomitic limestone treatments except the ER 26 material applied at 4.5 metric tons/ha increased Mg concentration in corn leaves and Coastal bermuda‐grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese toxicity occurred in nonlimed corn in the third season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- nonlimed plotse0
- Outcome
- Manganese toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- third season following treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese toxicity occurred in corn plants growing in nonlimed plots the third season following treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.