Abstract
Rae1 performs multiple functions in animal systems, acting in interphase as an mRNA export factor and during mitosis as a mitotic checkpoint and spindle assembly regulator. In this study we characterized multiple functions of Rae1 in plants. Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1, which encodes a protein with four WD40 repeats, resulted in growth arrest and abnormal leaf development. NbRae1 was mainly associated with the nuclear envelope during interphase, and NbRae1 deficiency caused accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the nuclei of leaf cells, suggesting defective mRNA export. In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 led to reduced mitotic activities, accompanied by reduced cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and decreased expression of cyclin B1, CDKB1-1, and histones H3 and H4. The secondary growth of stem vasculature was also inhibited, indicating reduced cambial activities. Differentiated leaf cells of NbRae1-silenced plants exhibited elevated ploidy levels. Immunolabeling in BY-2 cells showed that NbRae1 protein localized to mitotic microtubules and the cell plate-forming zone during mitosis, and recombinant NbRae1 directly bound to microtubules in vitro. Inhibition of NbRae1 expression in BY-2 cells using a beta-estradiol-inducible RNAi system resulted in severe defects in spindle organization and chromosome alignment and segregation, which correlated with delays in cell cycle progression. Together, these results suggest that NbRae1 plays a dual role in mRNA export in interphase and in spindle assembly in mitosis.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-induced silencing of NbRae1 resulted in growth arrest and abnormal leaf development.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Outcome
- growth arrest and abnormal leaf developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“resulted in growth arrest and abnormal leaf development”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 was mainly associated with the nuclear envelope during interphase.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- associated with the nuclear envelopee1
- Qualifier
- during interphasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“NbRae1 was mainly associated with the nuclear envelope during interphase”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 deficiency caused accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the nuclei of leaf cells, suggesting defective mRNA export.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf cellse1
- Treatment
- NbRae1 deficiencye1
- Outcome
- accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the nuclei of leaf cellse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- suggesting defective mRNA exporte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“NbRae1 deficiency caused accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the nuclei of leaf cells, suggesting defective mRNA export”
Claim · model-written summary
In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 reduced mitotic activities.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe1
- Treatment
- depletion of NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- mitotic activitiese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 led to reduced mitotic activities”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 depletion in the shoot apex reduced cyclin-dependent kinase activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe1
- Treatment
- depletion of NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 led to reduced mitotic activities”
e2“accompanied by reduced cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 depletion in the shoot apex decreased expression of cyclin B1 and CDKB1-1.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe1
- Treatment
- depletion of NbRae1e1
- Gene
- cyclin B1, CDKB1-1e2
- Outcome
- expressione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 led to reduced mitotic activities”
e2“decreased expression of cyclin B1, CDKB1-1, and histones H3 and H4”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 depletion in the shoot apex decreased expression of histones H3 and H4.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe1
- Treatment
- depletion of NbRae1e1
- Gene
- histones H3 and H4e2
- Outcome
- expressione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“In the shoot apex, depletion of NbRae1 led to reduced mitotic activities”
e2“decreased expression of cyclin B1, CDKB1-1, and histones H3 and H4”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of NbRae1 inhibited secondary growth of stem vasculature, indicating reduced cambial activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- stem vasculaturee1
- Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Outcome
- secondary growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- indicating reduced cambial activitiese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“The secondary growth of stem vasculature was also inhibited, indicating reduced cambial activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentiated leaf cells of NbRae1-silenced plants exhibited elevated ploidy levels.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- Differentiated leaf cellse1
- Treatment
- NbRae1-silenced plantse1
- Outcome
- ploidy levelse1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“Differentiated leaf cells of NbRae1-silenced plants exhibited elevated ploidy levels”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 protein localized to mitotic microtubules and the cell plate-forming zone during mitosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- localized to mitotic microtubules and the cell plate-forming zonee1
- Qualifier
- during mitosise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“NbRae1 protein localized to mitotic microtubules and the cell plate-forming zone during mitosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant NbRae1 directly bound to microtubules in vitro.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- bound to microtubulese1
- Qualifier
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“recombinant NbRae1 directly bound to microtubules in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of NbRae1 expression in BY-2 cells with an inducible RNAi system caused severe defects in spindle organization and chromosome alignment and segregation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- beta-estradiol-inducible RNAi systeme1
- Outcome
- spindle organization and chromosome alignment and segregatione1
- Qualifier
- severe defectse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“Inhibition of NbRae1 expression in BY-2 cells using a beta-estradiol-inducible RNAi system resulted in severe defects in spindle organization and chromosome alignment and segregation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of NbRae1 expression correlated with delays in cell cycle progression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Outcome
- delays in cell cycle progressione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“which correlated with delays in cell cycle progression”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRae1 plays a dual role in mRNA export in interphase and in spindle assembly in mitosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- NbRae1e1
- Outcome
- mRNA exporte1
- Qualifier
- in spindle assembly in mitosise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Rae1, NbRae1”
e1“Together, these results suggest that NbRae1 plays a dual role in mRNA export in interphase and in spindle assembly in mitosis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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