Abstract
The decay hazard associated with hydrocooling strawberries was related to whether they became inoculated with postharvest pathogens during the procedure. Storage of hydrocooled berries at warmer temperatures or for longer periods than recommended allowed inoculation to be expressed into disease. Cooling strawberries by immersion hydrocooling did not consistently lead to increased postharvest decays when compared with conventional forced-air cooling in two separate trials. No differences in decay incidence were found in berries that were hydrocooled versus forced-air cooled and then stored 7 days at 1°C plus 1 day at 20°C. With a 15-day storage regime (14 days at ≤7°C plus 1 day at 20°C), hydrocooled fruit developed less decay than forced-air-cooled fruit in one trial but more decay in a second. Wrapping baskets of cooled berries with plastic film promoted disease development and slowed the moisture loss from both hydrocooled and forced-air-cooled berries. The wrap did not promote disease more when applied to wet, hydrocooled berries as compared with dry, forced-air-cooled berries. Residual moisture left on the berries by the hydrocool treatment did not predispose the fruit to postharvest decays. In contrast, wounds and abrasions on hydrocooled fruit were temporarily water soaked and berries typically increased in weight as they were hydrocooled. Berries cooled in water containing spores of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer developed nearly 100% decay incidence during a storage regime that favored specific development of gray mold (11 days at 7°C) or Rhizopus rot (2 days at 24°C). Chlorinating the hydrocooler water (120 mg of free chlorine per liter at pH 6.5) before adding the berries and spores reduced the incidence of gray mold to 43%; in contrast, berries hydrocooled in clean water developed 61% gray mold. Chlorination of the clean water led to significant reductions in the incidence of gray mold (44%) but did not affect the incidence of Rhizopus rot. The hydrocool method for cooling strawberries with the addition of proper chlorination has promise as a rapid method for cooling and cleaning berries and reducing gray mold inoculum on berry surfaces.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest decay after hydrocooling depended on pathogen inoculation during cooling.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- hydrocoolinge0
- Interactor
- postharvest pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- decay hazarde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“decay hazard associated with hydrocooling strawberries was related to whether they became inoculated with postharvest pathogens during the procedure”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer or longer storage allowed inoculation to develop into disease.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- warmer temperatures or for longer periodse0
- Outcome
- inoculation to be expressed into diseasee0
- Comparator
- recommendede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage of hydrocooled berries at warmer temperatures or for longer periods than recommended allowed inoculation to be expressed into disease”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Immersion hydrocooling did not consistently increase postharvest decay relative to forced-air cooling.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- immersion hydrocoolinge0
- Outcome
- postharvest decayse0
- Direction
- did not consistently lead to increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional forced-air coolinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cooling strawberries by immersion hydrocooling did not consistently lead to increased postharvest decays when compared with conventional forced-air cooling in two separate trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Decay incidence did not differ after seven days at 1°C and one day at 20°C.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- hydrocoolede0
- Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Qualifier
- 7 days at 1°C plus 1 day at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- forced-air coolede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in decay incidence were found in berries that were hydrocooled versus forced-air cooled and then stored 7 days at 1°C plus 1 day at 20°C”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
With 15-day storage, hydrocooled fruit had less decay in one trial and more in another.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- hydrocoolede0
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- less decaye0
- Qualifier
- more decay in a seconde0
- Comparator
- forced-air-cooled fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a 15-day storage regime (14 days at ≤7°C plus 1 day at 20°C), hydrocooled fruit developed less decay than forced-air-cooled fruit in one trial but more decay in a second”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic wrapping promoted disease in cooled berries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Wrapping baskets of cooled berries with plastic filme0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wrapping baskets of cooled berries with plastic film promoted disease development”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic wrapping slowed moisture loss in cooled berries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Wrapping baskets of cooled berries with plastic filme0
- Outcome
- moisture losse0
- Direction
- slowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wrapping baskets of cooled berries with plastic film promoted disease development and slowed the moisture loss from both hydrocooled and forced-air-cooled berries”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Wrapping did not promote more disease on wet hydrocooled than dry forced-air-cooled berries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- wrape0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- did not promote disease moree0
- Comparator
- dry, forced-air-cooled berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wrap did not promote disease more when applied to wet, hydrocooled berries as compared with dry, forced-air-cooled berries”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual hydrocooling moisture did not predispose fruit to postharvest decay.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- hydrocool treatmente0
- Outcome
- postharvest decayse0
- Direction
- did not predisposee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual moisture left on the berries by the hydrocool treatment did not predispose the fruit to postharvest decays”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounds and abrasions on hydrocooled fruit became temporarily water soaked.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- wounds and abrasions on hydrocooled fruit were temporarily water soakede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wounds and abrasions on hydrocooled fruit were temporarily water soaked”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Berries typically gained weight during hydrocooling.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- hydrocoolede0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“berries typically increased in weight as they were hydrocooled”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling in water with Botrytis cinerea spores produced nearly 100% decay in gray mold favorable storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- water containing spores of Botrytis cinereae0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- gray molde0
- Direction
- developede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 11 days at 7°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries cooled in water containing spores of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer developed nearly 100% decay incidence during a storage regime that favored specific development of gray mold (11 days at 7°C) or Rhizopus rot (2 days at 24°C)”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling in water with Rhizopus stolonifer spores produced nearly 100% decay in Rhizopus rot favorable storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- water containing spores of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifere0
- Interactor
- Rhizopus stolonifer
Rhizopus stolonifere0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizopus rote0
- Direction
- developede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 2 days at 24°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries cooled in water containing spores of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer developed nearly 100% decay incidence during a storage regime that favored specific development of gray mold (11 days at 7°C) or Rhizopus rot (2 days at 24°C)”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorination before adding berries and spores reduced gray mold incidence to 43%, versus 61% in clean water.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chlorinating the hydrocooler water (120 mg of free chlorine per liter at pH 6.5)e0
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Qualifier
- 61%e0
- Comparator
- clean watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorinating the hydrocooler water (120 mg of free chlorine per liter at pH 6.5) before adding the berries and spores reduced the incidence of gray mold to 43%; in contrast, berries hydrocooled in clean water developed 61% gray mold”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorinating clean water significantly reduced gray mold incidence by 44%.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chlorination of the clean watere0
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorination of the clean water led to significant reductions in the incidence of gray mold (44%)”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorination of clean water did not affect Rhizopus rot incidence.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chlorination of the clean watere0
- Outcome
- incidence of Rhizopus rote0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorination of the clean water led to significant reductions in the incidence of gray mold (44%) but did not affect the incidence of Rhizopus rot”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrocooling with proper chlorination is proposed for rapid cooling, cleaning and reducing gray mold inoculum.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- proper chlorinatione0
- Outcome
- cooling and cleaning berries and reducing gray mold inoculume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrocool method for cooling strawberries with the addition of proper chlorination has promise as a rapid method for cooling and cleaning berries and reducing gray mold inoculum on berry surfaces”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.