Abstract
Chilling of attached tomato leaves (cv. Rutgers) in the dark for 16 hours at 1 C decreased both photosynthesis and transpiration. To separate the effects of chilling on stomatal CO(2) conductance from more direct effects of chilling on the chloroplasts' activities, measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration were made at atmospheric and saturating CO(2) levels. At atmospheric CO(2), the inhibition of photosynthesis was approximately 60%, of which about 35% was attributable to the impairment of chloroplast function and about 25% was attributable to decreased stomatal conductance. However, the affinity of the photosynthetic apparatus for CO(2) was not changed by chilling, since the dependence of the relative rate of photosynthesis on the intercellular CO(2) concentration was unaltered. The apparent quantum requirement for CO(2) reduction also was identical in chilled and unchilled plants. This observation contradicts the widely held notion that the chilling-induced inhibition of photosynthesis is caused by an impairment of the water oxidation mechanism. The impairment of chloroplast activity was not a consequence of an unfavorable water status within the leaf, since chilling caused only a small drop (1 bar) in water potential. A small loss of chlorophyll resulted as a secondary effect of chilling, but this loss of chlorophyll was eliminated as a cause of the inhibition of photosynthesis.No recovery of chloroplast activity occurred during the subsequent light period after chilling. The recovery seemed to be inhibited by light or to require both a light period and a dark period or to occur after a considerable lag period. After a period of both light and dark, restoration of stomatal conductance occurred more slowly than did the recovery of chloroplast activity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling tomato leaves for 16 hours at 1 C decreased photosynthesis and transpiration.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- cv. Rutgerse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Chilling of attached tomato leaves (cv. Rutgers) in the dark for 16 hours at 1 Ce0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and transpiratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedGeneCompoundInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling of attached tomato leaves (cv. Rutgers) in the dark for 16 hours at 1 C decreased both photosynthesis and transpiration.”
Claim · model-written summary
At atmospheric carbon dioxide, chilling inhibited photosynthesis by about 60%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chilling-Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- approximately 60%e0
- Qualifier
- At atmospheric CO(2)e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At atmospheric CO(2), the inhibition of photosynthesis was approximately 60%”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Impaired chloroplast function accounted for about 35% of the photosynthesis inhibition.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesist0
- Value
- about 35%e0
- Qualifier
- impairment of chloroplast functione0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 35% was attributable to the impairment of chloroplast function”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced stomatal conductance accounted for about 25% of photosynthesis inhibition.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesist0
- Value
- about 25%e0
- Qualifier
- decreased stomatal conductancee0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 25% was attributable to decreased stomatal conductance.”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling did not change the photosynthetic apparatus affinity for carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- affinity of the photosynthetic apparatus for CO(2)e0
- Direction
- not changede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the affinity of the photosynthetic apparatus for CO(2) was not changed by chilling”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The apparent quantum requirement for carbon dioxide reduction was identical in chilled and unchilled plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chillede0
- Outcome
- apparent quantum requirement for CO(2) reductione0
- Direction
- identicale0
- Comparator
- unchilled plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The apparent quantum requirement for CO(2) reduction also was identical in chilled and unchilled plants.”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling reduced tomato leaf water potential by only 1 bar.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- water potentiale0
- Direction
- drope0
- Value
- 1 bare0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling caused only a small drop (1 bar) in water potential.”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling caused a small secondary loss of chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- loss of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- losse0
- Qualifier
- smalle0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A small loss of chlorophyll resulted as a secondary effect of chilling”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast activity did not recover during the light period immediately after chilling.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- recovery of chloroplast activitye0
- Direction
- No recoverye0
- Qualifier
- during the subsequent light period after chillinge0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No recovery of chloroplast activity occurred during the subsequent light period after chilling.”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After light and dark, stomatal conductance recovered more slowly than chloroplast activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- restoration of stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Qualifier
- After a period of both light and darke0
- Comparator
- recovery of chloroplast activitye0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After a period of both light and dark, restoration of stomatal conductance occurred more slowly than did the recovery of chloroplast activity.”
t0“Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.