Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of application of various amounts of phosphate in combination with lime to the soil on the growth and fruiting of young Satsuma mandarin trees, field experiments were carried out for ten years from 1960 to 1970, in the orchard of diluvial clayey loam.1. The growth of new shoot and trunk, and the increase in leaf number were accelerated by the application of lime until 1962 when the tree sizes were comparatively small The effect of applied phosphate was found only in the plots without lime, that is, the development of trees was accelerated as the amount of applied phosphate was increased. These trends were observable in 1963, but significant differences have disappeared since 1964.2. Since 1963, a similar symptom that was caused by calcium deficiency was found on twigs and leaves of trees in the plots without application of lime, and defoliation and twig dieback occurred in 1964 and 1965. These trees gradually recovered since 1968.3. The number of flowers of P0 plot in 1964 was distinctly low, and this was recovered by an application of phosphate. Since 1965 no significant differences in yield among the various plots were found, although a slight low yield was found in P0 and P1 plots in 1964.4. During five years from 1964 to 1968, there were no substantial differences in fruit weight among the plots. A slight difference was found in 1969, but this might be due to a difference of the number of fruits per tree.No significant differences were also found in fruit color and rate of fruit rind among the individual plots. Total sugar content in fruit juice was slightly low in the plots of phosphate deficiency. It is notable that citric acid content was distinctly lowered by an application of lime. The amounts of applied phosphate did not affect the content of citric acid. Sugar acid ratio was substantially high in the plots treated with lime, which is resulted from lower values of acid content caused by lime application.5. There were not so much differences in phosphorus content of leaves among the plots which received various amounts of phosphate. However, the plots which received lime showed clearly higher values in calcium content of leaves than those which did not receive lime. Magnesium content was higher in the plots which did not receive lime, its content was decreased by increasing the amount of applied phosphate.6. The content of available phosphorus in the soil was increased in proportion to the amount of applied phosphate. The contents of available phosphorus at 30-cm depth were less than half of those at 10-cm depth. Exchangeable CaO, degree of calcium saturation and pH of the soil were very high in the areas which received lime. Those values in the plots which did not receive lime were increased by increasing the amounts of applied phosphate.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Lime application accelerated growth of new shoot and trunk and the increase in leaf number until 1962 in young Satsuma mandarin trees.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarin
Citrus unshiue0 - Treatment
- application of limee1
- Outcome
- growth of new shoot and trunke1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
- Qualifier
- until 1962e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“The growth of new shoot and trunk, and the increase in leaf number were accelerated by the application of lime until 1962”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate application accelerated tree development as the amount applied increased, but only in plots without lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- amount of applied phosphatee2
- Outcome
- development of treese2
- Direction
- acceleratede2
- Qualifier
- only in the plots without limee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e2“the development of trees was accelerated as the amount of applied phosphate was increased”
e3“The effect of applied phosphate was found only in the plots without lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium-deficiency-like symptoms on twigs and leaves, with defoliation and twig dieback in 1964 and 1965, occurred in plots without lime; the trees gradually recovered since 1968.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Organ / stage
- twigs and leavese4
- Outcome
- defoliation and twig diebacke4
- Qualifier
- gradually recovered since 1968e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e4“a similar symptom that was caused by calcium deficiency was found on twigs and leaves of trees in the plots without application of lime, and defoliation and twig dieback occurred in 1964 and 1965”
e5“These trees gradually recovered since 1968”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate application recovered the low flower number of the P0 plot in 1964.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- application of phosphatee6
- Outcome
- number of flowerse6
- Direction
- recoverede6
- Comparator
- P0 plote6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e6“The number of flowers of P0 plot in 1964 was distinctly low, and this was recovered by an application of phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Since 1965 no significant differences in yield were found among the various plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e7“Since 1965 no significant differences in yield among the various plots were found”
Claim · model-written summary
A slight low yield was found in the P0 and P1 plots in 1964.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Qualifier
- P0 and P1 plots in 1964e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“a slight low yield was found in P0 and P1 plots in 1964”
Claim · model-written summary
No substantial differences in fruit weight among the plots were found from 1964 to 1968; a slight difference was found in 1969.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte1
- Qualifier
- A slight difference was found in 1969e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“During five years from 1964 to 1968, there were no substantial differences in fruit weight among the plots”
e2“A slight difference was found in 1969”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant differences in fruit color and rate of fruit rind were found among the individual plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- fruit color and rate of fruit rinde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“No significant differences were also found in fruit color and rate of fruit rind among the individual plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar content in fruit juice was slightly low in the plots of phosphate deficiency.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- phosphate deficiencye1
- Outcome
- Total sugar content in fruit juicee1
- Direction
- slightly lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Total sugar content in fruit juice was slightly low in the plots of phosphate deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime application distinctly lowered citric acid content of the fruit.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- application of limee1
- Outcome
- citric acid contente1
- Direction
- lowerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“It is notable that citric acid content was distinctly lowered by an application of lime”
Claim · model-written summary
The amounts of applied phosphate did not affect citric acid content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- amounts of applied phosphatee1
- Outcome
- content of citric acide1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“The amounts of applied phosphate did not affect the content of citric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar acid ratio was substantially high in the plots treated with lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- limee1
- Outcome
- Sugar acid ratioe1
- Direction
- highe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Sugar acid ratio was substantially high in the plots treated with lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Plots receiving lime showed clearly higher calcium content of leaves than plots not receiving lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- limee1
- Outcome
- calcium content of leavese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- those which did not receive limee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“the plots which received lime showed clearly higher values in calcium content of leaves than those which did not receive lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium content was higher in plots that did not receive lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- limee1
- Outcome
- Magnesium contente1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Magnesium content was higher in the plots which did not receive lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium content decreased as the amount of applied phosphate increased.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- increasing the amount of applied phosphatee1
- Outcome
- Magnesium contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Magnesium content was higher in the plots which did not receive lime, its content was decreased by increasing the amount of applied phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus content of leaves did not differ much among plots receiving various amounts of phosphate.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- various amounts of phosphatee1
- Outcome
- phosphorus content of leavese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“There were not so much differences in phosphorus content of leaves among the plots which received various amounts of phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus in the soil increased in proportion to the amount of applied phosphate.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- amount of applied phosphatee1
- Outcome
- content of available phosphorus in the soile1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“The content of available phosphorus in the soil was increased in proportion to the amount of applied phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus in the soil at 30-cm depth was less than half of that at 10-cm depth.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- contents of available phosphoruse1
- Direction
- less than halfe1
- Comparator
- those at 10-cm depthe1
- Setting
- 30-cm depthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“The contents of available phosphorus at 30-cm depth were less than half of those at 10-cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable CaO, calcium saturation and soil pH were very high in the areas that received lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- limee1
- Outcome
- Exchangeable CaO, degree of calcium saturation and pH of the soile1
- Direction
- very highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Exchangeable CaO, degree of calcium saturation and pH of the soil were very high in the areas which received lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable CaO, calcium saturation and soil pH increased with phosphate in plots that did not receive lime.
- Taxon
- Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- increasing the amounts of applied phosphatee1
- Outcome
- Those valuese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- did not receive limee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young Satsuma mandarin trees”
e1“Those values in the plots which did not receive lime were increased by increasing the amounts of applied phosphate”
The same questions in other papers
lime · growth · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
phosphorus · quality: sugar starch · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- positive
phosphorus · yield · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
phosphorus · growth · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.