Abstract
1. For ten years of 1953-62, the trial of phosphate fertilization was carried on with Satsuma orange trees grown singly in the concrete frames. Each tree was planted in 1952 with uncultivated upland soil derived from the sand stone, and was applied with N 380g, P2O5 230g and K2O 300g each year. In June nearly 10kg of mowed grasses was mulched on the surface of soil. The experiment consisted of the following three plots; phosphate plot-1 (lime superphosphate), phosphate plot-2(fused magnesium phosphate) and non-phosphate plot.2. Throughout all the experimental years, no significant difference was found among the three plots concerning the trunk diameter of a tree, yields and fruit quality as determined by sugar and acid content of the juice as well as the color development of the peel. However, the tree size in the phosphate plot-1 became smallest among the three plots after the eighth year of the trial. The total amount of fibrous roots distributed in the soils of 0 to 30cm depth was also most inferior in the same plot when observed in 1962 This suggests us that the continuous application of lime superphosphate will not be good for the growth of Satsuma orange trees.3. The analysis of foliage made in every month from May to November of 1962 showed no significant difference of the phosphorus content among the three plots. Besides, no certain trend of monthly variation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg content was observed in each plot. However, when examined precisely, the content of those inorganic elements was very variable even in the trees which belonged to the same plot. So, it seems necessary to study more on this subject.4. The soil analysis in 1962 indicated a decrease of soil pH during ten years probably on account of no liming, its value in each plot being less than 4. In the soils of 0 to 30cm depth, the both phosphate plots contained aluminum P, iron P and total amount of P more abundantly than the non-phosphate plot. The vertical distribution of those kinds of pl sphorus showed distinctly the movement of pl sphorus in the soil after its application. Even in the soils of the non-phosphate plot, those kinds of soil phosphorus were also found similarly, which might originated from the mulched materials. However, when observed with NH4Cl soluble P and calcium P, there existed no marked difference among the three plots. Even with aluminum P and iron P, no quantitative difference could be found among the three plots when observed in the soils of more than 30cm depth.5. Thus, so long as the result of this experiment is concerned, no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees. This fact shows us also that an application of phosphate to Satsuma orange trees which are growing at least in the field, is still open to further study.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The three fertilizer plots did not differ significantly in trunk diameter, yield, sugar and acid content, or peel color.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange trees
Citrus unshiue1 - Treatment
- phosphate fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- trunk diameter of a tree, yields and fruit qualitye0
- Comparator
- three plotse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference was found among the three plots concerning the trunk diameter of a tree, yields and fruit quality as determined by sugar and acid content of the juice as well as the color development of the peel”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees in phosphate plot 1 became the smallest after the eighth year.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Treatment
- phosphate plot-1e0
- Outcome
- tree sizee0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Qualifier
- after the eighth year of the triale0
- Comparator
- three plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tree size in the phosphate plot-1 became smallest among the three plots after the eighth year of the trial”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage phosphorus content did not differ significantly among fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente0
- Comparator
- three plotse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference of the phosphorus content among the three plots”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Monthly foliar N, P, K, Ca and Mg content showed no consistent trend.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Outcome
- monthly variation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no certain trend of monthly variation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg content was observed in each plot”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar inorganic element content varied substantially among trees in the same plot.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Outcome
- content of those inorganic elementse0
- Direction
- very variablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“content of those inorganic elements was very variable even in the trees which belonged to the same plot”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH declined over ten years and was below 4 in each plot.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- less than 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease of soil pH during ten years probably on account of no liming, its value in each plot being less than 4”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate plots had more aluminum P, iron P and total P than the non-phosphate plot in the upper 30 cm of soil.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Treatment
- both phosphate plotse0
- Outcome
- aluminum P, iron P and total amount of Pe0
- Direction
- more abundantlye0
- Comparator
- non-phosphate plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both phosphate plots contained aluminum P, iron P and total amount of P more abundantly than the non-phosphate plot”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The vertical soil distribution indicated movement of applied phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Outcome
- movement of pl sphorus in the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vertical distribution of those kinds of pl sphorus showed distinctly the movement of pl sphorus in the soil after its application”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phosphorus forms also occurred in the non-phosphate plot.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Outcome
- soil phosphorus were also found similarlye0
- Setting
- non-phosphate plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even in the soils of the non-phosphate plot, those kinds of soil phosphorus were also found similarly”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4Cl-soluble P and calcium P showed no marked difference among plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue1
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- NH4Cl soluble P and calcium Pe0
- Direction
- no marked differencee0
- Comparator
- three plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4Cl soluble P and calcium P, there existed no marked difference among the three plots”
t0“Effect of the phosphate fertilization during ten years on the content of inorganic macroelements of Satsuma orange leaves, and on the phosphorus content of the soil”
e1“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Below 30 cm, aluminum P and iron P did not differ quantitatively among plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue2
- Treatment
- phosphate fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- aluminum P and iron Pt0
- Direction
- no quantitative differencee0
- Qualifier
- more than 30cm depthe0
- Comparator
- three plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no quantitative difference could be found among the three plots when observed in the soils of more than 30cm depth”
t0“Even with aluminum P and iron P, no quantitative difference could be found among the three plots when observed in the soils of more than 30cm depth”
e2“trial of phosphate fertilization was carried on with Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that ten years of phosphate fertilizer gave no favorable effect on tree growth, yield or fruit quality.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- ten years' phosphate fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no favorable effect of ten years' phosphate fertilization was recognized on the growth, yields and fruit quality of Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended further study of phosphate application for field-grown Satsuma orange.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiue0
- Treatment
- an application of phosphatee0
- Outcome
- still open to further studye0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an application of phosphate to Satsuma orange trees which are growing at least in the field, is still open to further study”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: grain · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
phosphorus · growth · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.