Abstract
Polyamines, in particular spermidine and spermine, were shown to have a stimulatory effect on the incorporation of amino acids into protein in the wheat-germ cell-free system programmed with exogenous mRNA. The addition of the optimum concentrations of polyamines results in a lowering in the Mg2+ optimum for protein synthesis. At the optimum combination of spermidine and Mg2+ the rate of peptide chain elongation with tobacco mosaic virus RNA as messenger RNA was twice the rate observed at the optimum concentration of Mg2+ in the absence of polyamines, but there was no significant difference in the rate of chain initiation under these two conditions. The presence of polyamines also increased the yield of full-length translation products from the viral RNA with a corresponding reduction in the short polypeptide products. These short products are shown to be incomplete translation products that accumulate mainly in the form of peptidyl-tRNA associated with 80-S ribosomes which can release the incomplete nascent chains on incubation with puromycin. The origin of these incomplete chains may be due to endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA, which we have demonstrated occurs at a significant rate in our system. It is proposed that the increased rate of elongation in the presence of polyamines raises the probability of ribosomes completing the synthesis of full-length products before the mRNA is degraded.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines stimulated amino-acid incorporation into protein in the wheat-germ system.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Polyaminese0
- Outcome
- incorporation of amino acids into proteine0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“Polyamines, in particular spermidine and spermine, were shown to have a stimulatory effect on the incorporation of amino acids into protein in the wheat-germ cell-free system programmed with exogenous mRNA.”
Claim · model-written summary
At optimum polyamine concentrations, the magnesium optimum for protein synthesis decreased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- optimum concentrations of polyaminese0
- Outcome
- Mg2+ optimum for protein synthesise0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“The addition of the optimum concentrations of polyamines results in a lowering in the Mg2+ optimum for protein synthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine and Mg2+ doubled peptide-chain elongation with tobacco mosaic virus RNA versus Mg2+ alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- optimum combination of spermidine and Mg2+e0
- Outcome
- rate of peptide chain elongatione0
- Direction
- twicee0
- Value
- twicee0
- Comparator
- optimum concentration of Mg2+ in the absence of polyaminese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“At the optimum combination of spermidine and Mg2+ the rate of peptide chain elongation with tobacco mosaic virus RNA as messenger RNA was twice the rate observed at the optimum concentration of Mg2+ in the absence of polyamines”
Claim · model-written summary
Chain initiation did not differ significantly between optimum spermidine plus Mg2+ and Mg2+ alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- these two conditionse0
- Outcome
- rate of chain initiatione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“there was no significant difference in the rate of chain initiation under these two conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines increased full-length translation products from viral RNA.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- polyaminese0
- Outcome
- yield of full-length translation productse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“The presence of polyamines also increased the yield of full-length translation products from the viral RNA with a corresponding reduction in the short polypeptide products.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines reduced short polypeptide products.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- polyaminese0
- Outcome
- short polypeptide productse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“The presence of polyamines also increased the yield of full-length translation products from the viral RNA with a corresponding reduction in the short polypeptide products.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short products were incomplete translation products associated mainly with 80-S ribosomes as peptidyl-tRNA.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- incomplete translation productse0
- Qualifier
- peptidyl-tRNA associated with 80-S ribosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“These short products are shown to be incomplete translation products that accumulate mainly in the form of peptidyl-tRNA associated with 80-S ribosomes”
Claim · model-written summary
Puromycin released the incomplete nascent chains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- puromycine0
- Outcome
- release the incomplete nascent chainse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“which can release the incomplete nascent chains on incubation with puromycin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA occurred at a significant rate in the system.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA, which we have demonstrated occurs at a significant rate in our system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that faster elongation with polyamines helps ribosomes finish full-length products before mRNA degrades.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- polyaminese0
- Outcome
- ribosomes completing the synthesis of full-length productse0
- Qualifier
- before the mRNA is degradede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat-Germ System”
e0“It is proposed that the increased rate of elongation in the presence of polyamines raises the probability of ribosomes completing the synthesis of full-length products before the mRNA is degraded.”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium(2+) · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
spermidine · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.