Abstract
Root hairs show highly localized cell expansion focused to their growing tips. This growth pattern is accomplished through restriction of secretion to the elongating apex and modulation of cell wall properties, with the wall just behind the tip becoming rigidified to resist the lateral expansive forces of turgor. In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s. Consistent with a role for these changes in growth control, artificially increasing extracellular pH arrested root hair elongation, whereas decreasing pH elicited bursting at the tip. Similarly, application of exogenous ROS arrested elongation, whereas scavenging of ROS led to root hair bursting. Roots hairs of the root hair-defective rhd2-1 mutant, which lack a functional version of the NADPH oxidase ATRBOH C, burst at the transition to tip growth. This phenotype could be rescued by elevating the pH of the growth medium to >/=6.0. Such rescued root hairs showed reduced cytoplasmic ROS levels and a lack of the oscillatory production of ROS at the tip. However, they exhibited apparently normal tip growth, including generation of the tip-focused Ca(2+) gradient thought to drive apical growth, indicating that ATRBOH C is not absolutely required to sustain tip growth. These observations indicate that root hair elongation is coupled to spatially distinct regulation of extracellular pH and ROS production that likely affect wall properties associated with the polarized expansion of the cell.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
oscillating growth was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- oscillating growthe0
- Value
- approximately 7 se0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
root hair elongation was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Treatment
- artificially increasing extracellular pHe0
- Outcome
- root hair elongatione0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“artificially increasing extracellular pH arrested root hair elongation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
bursting at the tip was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Treatment
- decreasing pHe0
- Outcome
- bursting at the tipe0
- Direction
- elicitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing pH elicited bursting at the tip”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
elongation was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Treatment
- application of exogenous ROSe0
- Outcome
- elongatione0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of exogenous ROS arrested elongation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
root hair bursting was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Treatment
- scavenging of ROSe0
- Outcome
- root hair burstinge0
- Direction
- led toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scavenging of ROS led to root hair bursting”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
burst at the transition to tip growth was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- rhd2-1e0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- burst at the transition to tip growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots hairs of the root hair-defective rhd2-1 mutant, which lack a functional version of the NADPH oxidase ATRBOH C, burst at the transition to tip growth.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
phenotype was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Treatment
- elevating the pH of the growth medium to >/=6.0e0
- Outcome
- phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This phenotype could be rescued by elevating the pH of the growth medium to >/=6.0.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
cytoplasmic ROS levels was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic ROS levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such rescued root hairs showed reduced cytoplasmic ROS levels and a lack of the oscillatory production of ROS at the tip.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
oscillatory production of ROS at the tip was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- oscillatory production of ROS at the tipe0
- Direction
- lacke0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such rescued root hairs showed reduced cytoplasmic ROS levels and a lack of the oscillatory production of ROS at the tip.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
tip growth was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- tip growthe0
Not reportedMaterialDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, they exhibited apparently normal tip growth, including generation of the tip-focused Ca(2+) gradient thought to drive apical growth, indicating that ATRBOH C is not absolutely required to sustain tip growth.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
Claim · model-written summary
tip-focused Ca(2+) gradient was reported in Arabidopsis root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- root hairse1
- Outcome
- tip-focused Ca(2+) gradiente0
Not reportedMaterialDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, they exhibited apparently normal tip growth, including generation of the tip-focused Ca(2+) gradient thought to drive apical growth, indicating that ATRBOH C is not absolutely required to sustain tip growth.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“In this report we show that root hairs exhibit oscillating growth that is associated with oscillating increases in extracellular pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lag growth by approximately 7 s.”
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