Abstract
At the molecular level, little is known about the transport of copper across plant membranes. We have isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA by complementation of a mutant (ctr1-3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in high affinity copper uptake. This cDNA codes for a highly hydrophobic protein (COPT1) of 169 amino acid residues and with three putative transmembrane domains. Most noteworthy, the first 44 residues display significant homology to the methionine- and histidine-rich copper binding domain of three bacterial copper binding proteins, among these a copper transporting ATPase. Mutant yeast cells expressing COPT1 exhibit nearly wild type behavior with regard to growth on a nonfermentable carbon source and resistance to copper and iron starvation. Expression of COPT1 is also associated with an increased sensitivity to copper toxicity. Additionally, COPT1 shows significant homology to an open reading frame of 189 amino acid residues on yeast chromosome VIII. This gene (CTR2) may encode an additional yeast metal transporter able to mediate the uptake of copper. A mutation in CTR2 displays a higher level of resistance to toxic copper concentrations. Overexpression of CTR2 provides increased resistance to copper starvation and is also associated with an increased sensitivity to copper toxicity. The amino acid sequence of CTR2, like Arabidopsis COPT1, contains three potential transmembrane domains. Taken together, the data suggest that a plant metal transporter, which is most likely involved in the transport of copper, has been identified.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
An Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA complemented the copper uptake defect of yeast ctr1-3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- ctr1-3e0
- Outcome
- complementatione0
- Comparator
- a mutant (ctr1-3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA by complementation of a mutant (ctr1-3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in high affinity copper uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
COPT1 is a 169-residue hydrophobic protein with three putative transmembrane domains.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- COPT1e0
- Outcome
- highly hydrophobic proteine0
- Value
- 169 amino acid residuese0
- Qualifier
- three putative transmembrane domainse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This cDNA codes for a highly hydrophobic protein (COPT1) of 169 amino acid residues and with three putative transmembrane domains.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The first 44 residues of COPT1 have significant homology to copper binding domains of three bacterial proteins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- Copper Transportert1
- Outcome
- significant homologye0
- Qualifier
- methionine- and histidine-rich copper binding domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first 44 residues display significant homology to the methionine- and histidine-rich copper binding domain of three bacterial copper binding proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
t1“Copper Transporter”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast cells expressing COPT1 had nearly wild-type growth on nonfermentable carbon and resistance to copper and iron starvation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- expressing COPT1e0
- Gene
- COPT1e0
- Outcome
- growth on a nonfermentable carbon source and resistance to copper and iron starvatione0
- Direction
- nearly wild typee0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutant yeast cells expressing COPT1 exhibit nearly wild type behavior with regard to growth on a nonfermentable carbon source and resistance to copper and iron starvation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
COPT1 expression increased yeast sensitivity to copper toxicity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Expression of COPT1e0
- Gene
- COPT1e0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to copper toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of COPT1 is also associated with an increased sensitivity to copper toxicity.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
COPT1 showed significant homology to a yeast chromosome VIII open reading frame encoding 189 residues.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- COPT1e0
- Outcome
- significant homologye0
- Value
- 189 amino acid residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“COPT1 shows significant homology to an open reading frame of 189 amino acid residues on yeast chromosome VIII.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
A CTR2 mutation increased yeast resistance to toxic copper.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- A mutation in CTR2e0
- Gene
- CTR2e0
- Outcome
- resistance to toxic copper concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in CTR2 displays a higher level of resistance to toxic copper concentrations.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
CTR2 overexpression increased resistance to copper starvation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CTR2e0
- Gene
- CTR2e0
- Outcome
- resistance to copper starvatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CTR2 provides increased resistance to copper starvation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
CTR2 overexpression increased sensitivity to copper toxicity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CTR2e0
- Gene
- CTR2e0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to copper toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CTR2 provides increased resistance to copper starvation and is also associated with an increased sensitivity to copper toxicity.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
CTR2 contains three potential transmembrane domains, like Arabidopsis COPT1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- CTR2e0
- Outcome
- three potential transmembrane domainse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid sequence of CTR2, like Arabidopsis COPT1, contains three potential transmembrane domains.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that COPT1 is likely involved in copper transport.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- Copper Transportert1
- Outcome
- transport of coppere0
- Qualifier
- most likelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a plant metal transporter, which is most likely involved in the transport of copper, has been identified.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
t1“Copper Transporter”
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