Abstract
VESICLE-INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTIDS1 (VIPP1), proposed to play a role in thylakoid biogenesis, is conserved in photosynthetic organisms and is closely related to Phage Shock Protein A (PspA), which is involved in plasma membrane integrity in Escherichia coli. This study showed that chloroplasts/plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana vipp1 knockdown and knockout mutants exhibit a unique morphology, forming balloon-like structures. This altered morphology, as well as lethality of vipp1, was complemented by expression of VIPP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (VIPP1-GFP). Several lines of evidence show that the balloon chloroplasts result from chloroplast swelling related to osmotic stress, implicating VIPP1 in the maintenance of plastid envelopes. In support of this, Arabidopsis VIPP1 rescued defective proton leakage in an E. coli pspA mutant. Microscopy observation of VIPP1-GFP in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that VIPP1 forms large macrostructures that are integrated into various morphologies along the envelopes. Furthermore, live imaging revealed that VIPP1-GFP is highly mobile when chloroplasts are subjected to osmotic stress. VIPP1-GFP showed dynamic movement in the transparent area of spherical chloroplasts, as the fluorescent molecules formed filament-like structures likely derived from disassembly of the large VIPP1 complex. Collectively, our data demonstrate that VIPP1 is a multifunctional protein in chloroplasts that is critically important for envelope maintenance.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis vipp1 knockdown and knockout chloroplasts formed balloon-like structures.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- vipp1 knockdown and knockout mutantse0
- Organ / stage
- chloroplasts/plastidse0
- Gene
- vipp1e0
- Outcome
- balloon-like structurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplasts/plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana vipp1 knockdown and knockout mutants exhibit a unique morphology, forming balloon-like structures.”
Claim · model-written summary
VIPP1-GFP expression complemented altered chloroplast morphology and vipp1 lethality.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- expression of VIPP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (VIPP1-GFP)e0
- Gene
- VIPP1e0
- Outcome
- altered morphology, as well as lethality of vipp1e0
- Direction
- complementede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This altered morphology, as well as lethality of vipp1, was complemented by expression of VIPP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (VIPP1-GFP).”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Balloon chloroplasts were attributed to osmotic swelling, implicating VIPP1 in envelope maintenance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- VIPP1e0
- Outcome
- balloon chloroplastse0
- Qualifier
- chloroplast swelling related to osmotic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the balloon chloroplasts result from chloroplast swelling related to osmotic stress, implicating VIPP1 in the maintenance of plastid envelopes.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis VIPP1 rescued defective proton leakage in an E. coli pspA mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- VIPP1e0
- Gene
- VIPP1e0
- Outcome
- defective proton leakagee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Qualifier
- E. coli pspA mutante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis VIPP1 rescued defective proton leakage in an E. coli pspA mutant.”
Claim · model-written summary
VIPP1 formed large envelope-associated macrostructures with varied morphologies.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- envelopese0
- Gene
- VIPP1e0
- Outcome
- large macrostructurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VIPP1 forms large macrostructures that are integrated into various morphologies along the envelopes.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
VIPP1-GFP became highly mobile under chloroplast osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Gene
- VIPP1-GFPe0
- Outcome
- highly mobilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VIPP1-GFP is highly mobile when chloroplasts are subjected to osmotic stress.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
VIPP1-GFP moved in spherical chloroplasts as filament-like structures, likely from disassembly of its large complex.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- VIPP1-GFPe0
- Outcome
- dynamic movemente0
- Qualifier
- likely derived from disassembly of the large VIPP1 complexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VIPP1-GFP showed dynamic movement in the transparent area of spherical chloroplasts, as the fluorescent molecules formed filament-like structures likely derived from disassembly of the large VIPP1 complex.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis”
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4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.