Abstract
Two barley cultivars (early-maturing Corvette and late-maturing Triumph) and one cultivar of chickpea (Amethyst at Redland Bay and Borwen at Hermitage), were grown in well-watered and water stress trials in three experiments to determine how the effect of water stress on growth and yield of these crops was modified by other environmental conditions, particularly temperature. Two experiments (experiments 1 and 2) were conducted at one location (Redland Bay) with two times of sowing (April and July), while experiment 3 (June sowing) was conducted at Hermitage Research Station, which had much lower temperatures in winter. In water stress trials, rainout shelters were used to exclude rain from plots from crop establishment to approximately maturity. In both well-watered and water stress conditions, the barley crop produced a lower yield when sown in April than in mid-winter, as grain filling occurred in late winter/early spring, when radiation and temperature were low. Chickpea in the irrigated control, however, produced the lowest yield in the July sowing at Redland Bay, because of the rapid increase in temperature in spring which hastened maturity. In water stress trials chickpea produced the lowest yield at Hermitage, as water stress severely reduced crop growth after flowering. Early-maturing Corvette produced a higher grain yield than late-maturing Triumph in one water stress trial (experiment 1), when difference in maturity time was 40 days, but not in others when the difference in maturity was less than 15 days. In most crops, development of water stress was slow during early stages of growth, and severe stress developed after maximum light interception was achieved. In these cases, water stress had a small effect on light interception but a large effect on light use efficiency (total dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted). However, for the chickpea sown in April, water stress developed during leaf area expansion, and severely reduced light interception with little adverse effect on light use efficiency. The results thus suggest that whether water stress affects light interception or light use efficiency depends on the timing of water stress in relation to the canopy development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Barley sown in April produced a lower yield than barley sown in mid-winter, under both well-watered and water stress conditions.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- sown in Aprile0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- in both well-watered and water stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- mid-wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In both well-watered and water stress conditions, the barley crop produced a lower yield when sown in April than in mid-winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea in the irrigated control had its lowest yield in the July sowing at Redland Bay.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- July sowinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- Redland Baye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chickpea in the irrigated control, however, produced the lowest yield in the July sowing at Redland Bay, because of the rapid increase in temperature in spring which hastened maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea under water stress produced its lowest yield at Hermitage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- Hermitagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In water stress trials chickpea produced the lowest yield at Hermitage, as water stress severely reduced crop growth after flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress severely reduced crop growth of chickpea after flowering.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- crop growth after floweringe0
- Direction
- severely reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In water stress trials chickpea produced the lowest yield at Hermitage, as water stress severely reduced crop growth after flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-maturing Corvette barley produced a higher grain yield than late-maturing Triumph in one water stress trial with a 40-day maturity difference.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Corvettee0
- Treatment
- water stress trial (experiment 1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- when difference in maturity time was 40 dayse0
- Comparator
- late-maturing Triumphe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“Early-maturing Corvette produced a higher grain yield than late-maturing Triumph in one water stress trial (experiment 1), when difference in maturity time was 40 days, but not in others when the difference in maturity was less than 15 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Corvette did not out-yield Triumph in the trials where the maturity difference was less than 15 days.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Corvettee0
- Treatment
- the difference in maturity was less than 15 dayse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Comparator
- late-maturing Triumphe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“Early-maturing Corvette produced a higher grain yield than late-maturing Triumph in one water stress trial (experiment 1), when difference in maturity time was 40 days, but not in others when the difference in maturity was less than 15 days”
Claim · model-written summary
In most crops, water stress developed slowly during early stages of growth.
- Taxon
- barley and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- early stages of growthe0
- Outcome
- development of water stresse0
- Qualifier
- slow during early stages of growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“In most crops, development of water stress was slow during early stages of growth, and severe stress developed after maximum light interception was achieved”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress had a small effect on light interception.
- Taxon
- barley and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- light interceptione0
- Direction
- small effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“water stress had a small effect on light interception but a large effect on light use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress had a large effect on light use efficiency.
- Taxon
- barley and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- light use efficiencye0
- Direction
- large effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“water stress had a small effect on light interception but a large effect on light use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
For chickpea sown in April, water stress severely reduced light interception.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- light interceptione0
- Direction
- severely reducede0
- Qualifier
- sown in Aprile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for the chickpea sown in April, water stress developed during leaf area expansion, and severely reduced light interception with little adverse effect on light use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
For chickpea sown in April, water stress had little adverse effect on light use efficiency.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- light use efficiencye0
- Direction
- little adverse effecte0
- Qualifier
- sown in Aprile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for the chickpea sown in April, water stress developed during leaf area expansion, and severely reduced light interception with little adverse effect on light use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Whether water stress affects light interception or light use efficiency depends on the timing of water stress relative to canopy development.
- Taxon
- barley and chickpeaCicer arietinumHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- timing of water stresse0
- Outcome
- light interception or light use efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley and chickpea”
e0“The results thus suggest that whether water stress affects light interception or light use efficiency depends on the timing of water stress in relation to the canopy development”
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