Abstract
Nitrogen availability is often a limiting factor for optimum crop growth on agricultural soils amended with papermill biosolids (PB). The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production of adding supplementary nitrogen fertilizer to soils amended with increasing rates of PB. Papermill biosolids were applied annually on four agricultural soils in southern Ontario, Canada. Treatments included three rates of PB (50, 100, and 150 Mg ha -1 ), combined with four levels of nitrogen fertilizer [crop recommended [CR], [CR] + 0.5 kg N Mg -1 PB, [CR] + 1.0 kg N Mg -1 PB, and [CR] + 1.5 kg N Mg -1 PB]. In addition, non-amended plots were also established receiving either (a) zero PB and zero nitrogen fertilizer or (b) zero PB and [CR] nitrogen fertilizer only. All the plots received the same treatment combinations, i.e., PB × N, each year for the duration of the study. In corn, [CR] nitrogen fertilizer was insufficient to satisfy plant growth and PB decomposition requirements. Supplementary nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 1.0 kg N Mg -1 PB was generally required to maintain or increase corn grain production relative to the control plots receiving the [CR] nitrogen fertilizer only. Corn grain yield increases ranged from 1000 to 6000 kg ha -1 relative to the control at some of the research sites. The optimum rate of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer varied by soil texture (location) and year. In contrast, production of soybean did not require high supplementary nitrogen fertilizer, or in some cases any, in order to maintain or increase yields at most locations. Our study shows that nitrogen fertility management had a greater impact on yields in production systems planted to corn than soybeans while receiving annual PB amendments. No residual effects on corn yield or corn grain protein content were observed after PB amendments were stopped.Key words: Papermill biosolids, carbon:nitrogen ratio, corn, soybean, nitrogen fertilizer
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Crop-recommended nitrogen fertilizer alone was insufficient for corn growth and biosolid decomposition requirements.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- [CR] nitrogen fertilizere1
- Outcome
- plant growth and PB decomposition requirementse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In corn, [CR] nitrogen fertilizer was insufficient to satisfy plant growth and PB decomposition requirements”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary nitrogen at 1.0 kg N per Mg PB was generally needed to maintain or increase corn grain production over the crop-recommended control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Supplementary nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 1.0 kg N Mg -1 PBe3
- Outcome
- corn grain productione3
- Direction
- maintain or increasee3
- Comparator
- the control plots receiving the [CR] nitrogen fertilizer onlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e3“Supplementary nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 1.0 kg N Mg -1 PB was generally required to maintain or increase corn grain production relative to the control plots receiving the [CR] nitrogen fertilizer only”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yield increased by 1000 to 6000 kg/ha over the control at some research sites with increasing PB rates.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of PBe2
- Outcome
- Corn grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- 1000 to 6000 kg ha -1e4
- Comparator
- the controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“soils amended with increasing rates of PB”
e4“Corn grain yield increases ranged from 1000 to 6000 kg ha -1 relative to the control at some of the research sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum supplementary nitrogen rate for corn varied by soil texture and year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- optimum rate of supplementary nitrogen fertilizere5
- Qualifier
- varied by soil texture (location) and yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L.)”
e5“The optimum rate of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer varied by soil texture (location) and year”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean did not need high supplementary nitrogen, or in some cases any, to maintain or increase yields at most locations.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe6 - Treatment
- supplementary nitrogen fertilizere6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- maintain or increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In contrast, production of soybean did not require high supplementary nitrogen fertilizer, or in some cases any, in order to maintain or increase yields at most locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertility management had a greater impact on corn yields than on soybean yields under annual PB amendments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertility managemente7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- soybeanse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Our study shows that nitrogen fertility management had a greater impact on yields in production systems planted to corn than soybeans while receiving annual PB amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
No residual effects on corn yield or corn grain protein content were observed after PB amendments stopped.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- PB amendmentse6
- Outcome
- corn yield or corn grain protein contente6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“No residual effects on corn yield or corn grain protein content were observed after PB amendments were stopped”
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