Abstract
Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia, 6 m in height were moderately pruned in the spring of 1969, up to 8 % of the canopy being removed. Over 2 years, three or four growth cycles were completed. The amount of regrowth was correlated with the size of the first growth cycle flush after pruning, and this was correlated with the diameter of the pruned branch. No flowers were found on regrowths 1 year after pruning; only 75% of regrowths produced flowers 2 years after pruning, and only 50 % produced fruit. Small plants (rooted cuttings) were used to investigate pruning responses in the phytotron. Low temperatures (18/13¦C) immediately after pruning for 8 weeks resulted in smaller first growth cycle flushes after pruning, and even after transfer to warm (27/22¦) conditions the original height was not regained after three growth cycles. Plants that received cool conditions after the first or second growth cycles regained their original height after the third growth cycle. The amount of regrowth was correlated with the length of the first growth cycle flushes, which was correlated with the original height of the plants and the height after pruning. Flowers could not be induced on the old wood after pruning or on the first growth cycle flushes, and only few flowers were formed in the second growth cycle flushes. Many inflorescences were produced on third growth cycle flushes following inductive conditions (18/13¦C) for 8 weeks. Light pruning of less vigorous plants did not inhibit subsequent flowering. The practical implications of this work are discussed. Moderate pruning will remove part of two crops, not one, because of the inability of regrowth flushes to flower until several growth cycles have formed. The tree relatively quickly replaces the growth removed, and this depends on the vigour of the first growth cycle flushes after pruning. Pruning in autumn or winter would be expected to result in less vigorous regrowth. Our lack of knowledge on the pruning responses of orange trees is emphasized, with suggestions for future practical investigations.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Regrowth amount was correlated with the size of the first growth cycle flush after pruning in sweet orange.
- Taxon
- Sweet orange
Citrus sinensise1 - Material
- cv. Late Valenciae1
- Organ / stage
- first growth cycle flushe2
- Outcome
- amount of regrowthe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e2“The amount of regrowth was correlated with the size of the first growth cycle flush after pruning, and this was correlated with the diameter of the pruned branch”
Claim · model-written summary
Size of the first growth cycle flush after pruning was correlated with the diameter of the pruned branch in sweet orange.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- pruned branche2
- Outcome
- size of the first growth cycle flush after pruninge2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e2“The amount of regrowth was correlated with the size of the first growth cycle flush after pruning, and this was correlated with the diameter of the pruned branch”
Claim · model-written summary
No flowers were found on sweet orange regrowths 1 year after pruning.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- regrowthse3
- Outcome
- flowerse3
- Qualifier
- 1 year after pruninge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e3“No flowers were found on regrowths 1 year after pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 75% of sweet orange regrowths produced flowers 2 years after pruning.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Outcome
- regrowths produced flowerse4
- Value
- 75%e4
- Qualifier
- 2 years after pruninge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e4“only 75% of regrowths produced flowers 2 years after pruning, and only 50 % produced fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 50% of sweet orange regrowths produced fruit 2 years after pruning.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Outcome
- produced fruite4
- Value
- 50 %e4
- Qualifier
- 2 years after pruninge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e4“only 75% of regrowths produced flowers 2 years after pruning, and only 50 % produced fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperatures (18/13 C) for 8 weeks after pruning resulted in smaller first growth cycle flushes in sweet orange.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Low temperatures (18/13¦C) immediately after pruning for 8 weekse5
- Outcome
- first growth cycle flushese5
- Direction
- smallere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e5“Low temperatures (18/13¦C) immediately after pruning for 8 weeks resulted in smaller first growth cycle flushes after pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
After transfer to warm conditions the original height of sweet orange was not regained after three growth cycles.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- transfer to warm (27/22¦) conditionse6
- Outcome
- original heighte6
- Direction
- not regainede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e6“even after transfer to warm (27/22¦) conditions the original height was not regained after three growth cycles”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool conditions after the first or second growth cycles let sweet orange plants regain their original height after the third growth cycle.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- cool conditions after the first or second growth cyclese7
- Outcome
- original heighte7
- Direction
- regainede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e7“Plants that received cool conditions after the first or second growth cycles regained their original height after the third growth cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers could not be induced on the old wood of sweet orange after pruning.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- old woode2
- Outcome
- Flowers could not be induced on the old woode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e2“Flowers could not be induced on the old wood after pruning or on the first growth cycle flushes, and only few flowers were formed in the second growth cycle flushes”
Claim · model-written summary
Only few flowers were formed in the second growth cycle flushes of sweet orange.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- second growth cycle flushese2
- Outcome
- few flowers were formede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e2“Flowers could not be induced on the old wood after pruning or on the first growth cycle flushes, and only few flowers were formed in the second growth cycle flushes”
Claim · model-written summary
Many inflorescences were produced on third growth cycle flushes of sweet orange after inductive conditions (18/13 C) for 8 weeks.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- third growth cycle flushese3
- Treatment
- inductive conditions (18/13¦C) for 8 weekse3
- Outcome
- inflorescencese3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e3“Many inflorescences were produced on third growth cycle flushes following inductive conditions (18/13¦C) for 8 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Light pruning of less vigorous sweet orange plants did not inhibit subsequent flowering.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Light pruning of less vigorous plantse4
- Outcome
- subsequent floweringe4
- Direction
- did not inhibite4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e4“Light pruning of less vigorous plants did not inhibit subsequent flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate pruning of sweet orange removes part of two crops, because regrowth flushes cannot flower until several growth cycles have formed.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Moderate pruninge5
- Outcome
- remove part of two crops, not onee5
- Qualifier
- because of the inability of regrowth flushes to flower until several growth cycles have formede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e5“Moderate pruning will remove part of two crops, not one, because of the inability of regrowth flushes to flower until several growth cycles have formed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet orange trees replace the growth removed by pruning relatively quickly, depending on the vigour of the first growth cycle flushes after pruning.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Organ / stage
- first growth cycle flushes after pruninge6
- Outcome
- replaces the growth removede6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e6“The tree relatively quickly replaces the growth removed, and this depends on the vigour of the first growth cycle flushes after pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning in autumn or winter would be expected to result in less vigorous sweet orange regrowth.
- Taxon
- Sweet orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Pruning in autumn or wintere7
- Outcome
- regrowthe7
- Direction
- less vigorouse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sweet orange trees, cv. Late Valencia”
e7“Pruning in autumn or winter would be expected to result in less vigorous regrowth”
The same questions in other papers
light · phenology · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
pruning · phenology · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.