Abstract
SummaryTwelve to 15% of the Shamouti orange trees in Israel, notably those budded on sour orange stock and growing in heavy soil, bear low yields and are of doubtful economic value. Studies have shown that ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees, as well as those of Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges. Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield, which decreased considerably in the second year and was not evident at all two years after treatment. The effects of ringing were greater, the lower the yields of unringed control trees, and the best results were obtained when trees were ringed before the flowers opened. The increase in yield was accompanied by a decreased drop of flowers and fruitlets and was due to an increase in the number of fruits per tree. Individual fruit weight was not affected by ringing.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve to 15% of Shamouti orange trees in Israel bear low yields.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve to 15% of the Shamouti orange trees in Israel, notably those budded on sour orange stock and growing in heavy soil, bear low yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing sometimes doubled yields of low-bearing Shamouti orange trees.
Verbatim
e0“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
t0“Shamouti orange trees in Israel”
e1“The effects of ringing were greater, the lower the yields of unringed control trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing sometimes doubled yields of Washington Navel oranges.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“as well as those of Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges”
t0“Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges”
e1“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
e2“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing sometimes doubled yields of Valencia Late oranges.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“as well as those of Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges”
t0“Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges”
e1“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
e2“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth substances did not alter the ringing effect on orange yield.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- growth substancese0
- Outcome
- effect of ringing on yielde0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield”
t0“Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth retardants did not alter the ringing effect on orange yield.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- growth retardantse0
- Outcome
- effect of ringing on yielde0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield”
t0“Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea did not alter the ringing effect on orange yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield”
t0“Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The ringing effect on orange yield decreased considerably in the second year.
Verbatim
e0“which decreased considerably in the second year”
t0“Orange Trees”
e1“Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The ringing effect on orange yield was absent two years after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“was not evident at all two years after treatment”
t0“Orange Trees”
e1“Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing effects were greater when unringed orange control trees had lower yields.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of ringing were greater, the lower the yields of unringed control trees”
t0“Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing before flowers opened produced the best results.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- ringed before the flowers openede0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the best results were obtained when trees were ringed before the flowers opened”
t0“Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing decreased drop of orange flowers and fruitlets.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and fruitletse0
- Treatment
- ringinge1
- Outcome
- drop of flowers and fruitletse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The increase in yield was accompanied by a decreased drop of flowers and fruitlets”
t0“Orange Trees”
e1“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing increased fruits per orange tree.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“was due to an increase in the number of fruits per tree”
t0“Orange Trees”
e1“ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ringing did not affect individual orange fruit weight.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Individual fruit weight was not affected by ringing”
t0“Orange Trees”
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