Abstract
Salinity affects large areas of agricultural land, and all major crop species are intolerant to high levels of sodium ions. The principal route for Na(+) uptake into plant cells remains to be identified. Non-selective ion channels and high-affinity potassium transporters have emerged as potential pathways for Na(+) entry. A third candidate for Na(+) transport into plant cells is a low-affinity cation transporter represented by the wheat protein LCT1, which is known to be permeable for a wide range of cations when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). To investigate the role of LCT1 in salt tolerance we have used the yeast strain G19, which is disrupted in the genes encoding Na(+) export pumps and as a result displays salt sensitivity comparable with wheat. After transformation with LCT1, G19 cells became hypersensitive to NaCl. We show that LCT1 expression results in a strong decrease of intracellular K(+)/Na(+) ratio in G19 cells due to the combined effect of enhanced Na(+) accumulation and loss of intracellular K(+). Na(+) uptake through LCT1 was inhibited by K(+) and Ca(2+) at high concentrations and the addition of these ions rescued growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline medium. LCT1 was also shown to mediate the uptake of Li(+) and Cs(+). Expression of two mutant LCT1 cDNAs with N-terminal truncations resulted in decreased Ca(2+) uptake and increased Na(+) tolerance compared with expression of the full-length LCT1. Our findings strongly suggest that LCT1 represents a molecular link between Ca(2+) and Na(+) uptake into plant cells.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
LCT1 transformation made G19 yeast hypersensitive to NaCl.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- transformation with LCT1e0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- G19 cells became hypersensitive to NaCle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After transformation with LCT1, G19 cells became hypersensitive to NaCl.”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
LCT1 expression strongly decreased the intracellular K(+)/Na(+) ratio in G19 yeast.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LCT1 expressione0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- intracellular K(+)/Na(+) ratio in G19 cellse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCT1 expression results in a strong decrease of intracellular K(+)/Na(+) ratio in G19 cells”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
LCT1 expression enhanced Na(+) accumulation in G19 cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- LCT1e1
- Outcome
- Na(+) accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to the combined effect of enhanced Na(+) accumulation and loss of intracellular K(+)”
e1“LCT1 expression results in a strong decrease”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
LCT1 expression caused loss of intracellular K(+) in G19 cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- LCT1e1
- Outcome
- intracellular K(+)e0
- Direction
- losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of intracellular K(+)”
e1“LCT1 expression results in a strong decrease”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
High K(+) concentrations inhibited Na(+) uptake through LCT1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- K(+)e0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- Na(+) uptake through LCT1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- at high concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na(+) uptake through LCT1 was inhibited by K(+) and Ca(2+) at high concentrations”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
High Ca(2+) concentrations inhibited Na(+) uptake through LCT1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ca(2+)e0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- Na(+) uptake through LCT1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- at high concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na(+) uptake through LCT1 was inhibited by K(+) and Ca(2+) at high concentrations”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding K(+) rescued growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline medium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- K(+)e1
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline mediume0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of these ions rescued growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline medium”
e1“inhibited by K(+) and Ca(2+)”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Ca(2+) rescued growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline medium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ca(2+)e1
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline mediume0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of these ions rescued growth of LCT1-transformed G19 on saline medium”
e1“inhibited by K(+) and Ca(2+)”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
LCT1 mediated uptake of Li(+) and Cs(+).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- uptake of Li(+) and Cs(+)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCT1 was also shown to mediate the uptake of Li(+) and Cs(+).”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
N-terminally truncated LCT1 cDNAs decreased Ca(2+) uptake relative to full-length LCT1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two mutant LCT1 cDNAs with N-terminal truncationse0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- expression of the full-length LCT1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of two mutant LCT1 cDNAs with N-terminal truncations resulted in decreased Ca(2+) uptake and increased Na(+) tolerance compared with expression of the full-length LCT1.”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
N-terminally truncated LCT1 cDNAs increased Na(+) tolerance relative to full-length LCT1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two mutant LCT1 cDNAs with N-terminal truncationse0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- Na(+) tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- expression of the full-length LCT1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of two mutant LCT1 cDNAs with N-terminal truncations resulted in decreased Ca(2+) uptake and increased Na(+) tolerance compared with expression of the full-length LCT1.”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that LCT1 links Ca(2+) and Na(+) uptake into plant cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- LCT1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+) and Na(+) uptake into plant cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCT1 represents a molecular link between Ca(2+) and Na(+) uptake into plant cells”
t0“Wheat cDNA LCT1”
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