Abstract
Calmodulin, a ubiquitous calcium sensor, plays an important role in decoding stress-triggered intracellular calcium changes and regulates the functions of numerous target proteins involved in various plant physiological responses. To determine the functions of calmodulin in fleshy fruit, expression studies were performed on a family of six calmodulin genes (SlCaMs) in mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection. Both wounding and pathogen inoculation triggered expression of all those genes, with SlCaM2 being the most responsive one to both treatments. Furthermore, all calmodulin genes were upregulated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, two signaling molecules involved in plant immunity. In addition to SlCaM2, SlCaM1 was highly responsive to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. However, SlCaM2 exhibited a more rapid and stronger response than SlCaM1. Overexpression of SlCaM2 in tomato fruit enhanced resistance to Botrytis-induced decay, whereas reducing its expression resulted in increased lesion development. These results indicate that calmodulin is a positive regulator of plant defense in fruit by activating defense pathways including salicylate- and jasmonate-signaling pathways, and SlCaM2 is the major calmodulin gene responsible for this event.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding and pathogen inoculation triggered expression of all calmodulin genes in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- mature-green stage tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- wounding and pathogen inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- triggerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e1“Both wounding and pathogen inoculation triggered expression of all those genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCaM2 was the most responsive calmodulin gene to both wounding and pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse1
- Gene
- SlCaM2e1
- Outcome
- most responsive onee1
- Direction
- most responsivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e1“with SlCaM2 being the most responsive one to both treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
All calmodulin genes were upregulated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and methyl jasmonatee2
- Outcome
- calmodulin genese2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e2“Furthermore, all calmodulin genes were upregulated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, two signaling molecules involved in plant immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCaM2 showed a stronger response than SlCaM1.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e3“However, SlCaM2 exhibited a more rapid and stronger response than SlCaM1”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of SlCaM2 in tomato fruit enhanced resistance to Botrytis-induced decay.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SlCaM2e4
- Gene
- SlCaM2e4
- Outcome
- resistance to Botrytis-induced decaye4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e4“Overexpression of SlCaM2 in tomato fruit enhanced resistance to Botrytis-induced decay, whereas reducing its expression resulted in increased lesion development”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing SlCaM2 expression in tomato fruit increased lesion development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reducing its expressione4
- Gene
- SlCaM2e4
- Outcome
- lesion developmente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e4“Overexpression of SlCaM2 in tomato fruit enhanced resistance to Botrytis-induced decay, whereas reducing its expression resulted in increased lesion development”
Claim · model-written summary
Calmodulin is a positive regulator of defense in tomato fruit by activating salicylate- and jasmonate-signaling pathways.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- calmoduline5
- Outcome
- plant defense in fruite5
- Qualifier
- activating defense pathways including salicylate- and jasmonate-signaling pathwayse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e5“These results indicate that calmodulin is a positive regulator of plant defense in fruit by activating defense pathways including salicylate- and jasmonate-signaling pathways, and SlCaM2 is the major calmodulin gene responsible for this event”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCaM2 is the major calmodulin gene responsible for the defense response in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- SlCaM2e5
- Outcome
- plant defensee5
- Qualifier
- the major calmodulin gene responsible for this evente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e5“These results indicate that calmodulin is a positive regulator of plant defense in fruit by activating defense pathways including salicylate- and jasmonate-signaling pathways, and SlCaM2 is the major calmodulin gene responsible for this event”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCaM1 was highly responsive to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and methyl jasmonatee6
- Gene
- SlCaM1e6
- Outcome
- responsivee6
- Direction
- highly responsivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and Botrytis cinerea infection”
e6“In addition to SlCaM2, SlCaM1 was highly responsive to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate”
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- negative
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See all 25 papers →mechanical · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.