Abstract
Spring low temperature events affect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during late vegetative or reproductive development, exposing plants to a subzero low temperature stress when winter hardening is lost. The increased climatic variability results in wheat being exposed to more frequent adverse impacts of combined low temperature and water stress, including drought and waterlogging. The responses of potted wheat plants cultivated in climatic chambers to these environmental perturbations were investigated at physiological, proteomic and transcriptional levels. At the physiological level, the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses was due mainly to stomatal closure and damage of photosynthetic electron transport. Biochemically, the adaptive effects of early moderate drought or waterlogging stress were associated with the activation of antioxidant enzyme system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of leaf under low temperature. Further proteomic analysis revealed that the oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress. Collectively, the results indicate that impairment of photosynthesis and C metabolism was responsible for the grain yield loss in winter wheat under low temperature in combination with severe drought or waterlogging stress. In addition, prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stresses depressed carbon assimilation.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- combined stressese0
- Outcome
- carbon (C) assimilatione0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal closure was a main explanation for depressed carbon assimilation under combined stresses.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined stressese0
- Outcome
- depressed carbon (C) assimilatione0
- Qualifier
- stomatal closuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses was due mainly to stomatal closure and damage of photosynthetic electron transport.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage to photosynthetic electron transport was a main explanation for depressed carbon assimilation under combined stresses.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined stressese0
- Outcome
- depressed carbon (C) assimilatione0
- Qualifier
- damage of photosynthetic electron transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses was due mainly to stomatal closure and damage of photosynthetic electron transport.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early moderate drought was associated with activation of the antioxidant enzyme system under low temperature.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- early moderate droughte0
- Outcome
- activation of antioxidant enzyme systeme0
- Direction
- activatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adaptive effects of early moderate drought or waterlogging stress were associated with the activation of antioxidant enzyme system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of leaf under low temperature.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early waterlogging was associated with activation of the antioxidant enzyme system under low temperature.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- waterlogging stresse0
- Outcome
- activation of antioxidant enzyme systeme0
- Direction
- activatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adaptive effects of early moderate drought or waterlogging stress were associated with the activation of antioxidant enzyme system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of leaf under low temperature.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined low temperature and water stress modulated oxidative stress defence proteins.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined low temperature and water stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress defencee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined low temperature and water stress modulated carbon metabolism proteins.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined low temperature and water stresse0
- Outcome
- C metabolisme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined low temperature and water stress modulated photosynthesis related proteins.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined low temperature and water stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis related proteinse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Impaired photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were interpreted as responsible for grain yield loss under combined severe stress.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low temperature in combination with severe drought or waterlogging stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yield losse0
- Qualifier
- impairment of photosynthesis and C metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“impairment of photosynthesis and C metabolism was responsible for the grain yield loss in winter wheat under low temperature in combination with severe drought or waterlogging stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior mild drought contributed to oxidative metabolism homeostasis and better photosynthesis under later spring cold.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- prior mild droughte0
- Outcome
- homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesise0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior waterlogging contributed to oxidative metabolism homeostasis and better photosynthesis under later spring cold.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesise0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior mild drought led to less grain yield loss under later spring cold.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- prior mild droughte0
- Outcome
- grain yield losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior waterlogging led to less grain yield loss under later spring cold.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- grain yield losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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