Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2010–11 and 2011–12 to evaluate the efficacy of pinoxaden alone and in combination with other herbicides against complex weed flora in wheat. Pinoxaden 50 g/ha alone and as tank mixture with and before metsulfuron-methyl 4 g/ha, carfentrazone-ethyl 20 g/ha and 2,4-D 500 g/ha was compared to isoproturon + 2,4-D, clodinafop fb 2,4-D, weed free and weedy check for weed control and grain yield. Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis were the major weeds constituting 59.1 and 20.8% of the total weed population during 2010–11 and 67.6 and 16.9% during 2011–12, respectively. Avena ludovician, Lolium temulentum, Poa annua and Vicia sativa were the other important weeds found in association with wheat. Weeds reduced grain yield of wheat by 39.5%. Pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl (50 + 4 g/ha) and pinoxaden fb metsulfuron-methyl (50 fb 4 g/ha) were comparable to weed free treatment in reducing the density of Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis. Pinoxaden alone was not effective against broad-leaved weeds, while carfentrazone, metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D were not effective against grasses. Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl/carfentrazone (as tank mixed or as followed by) resulted in significantly lower total weed density and weed biomass. Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-D resulted in significantly higher tillers, grains/spike and 1000-seed weight and grain yield as comparable to in weed free.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris minor comprised 59.1% of weeds in 2010–11 and 67.6% in 2011–12.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Phalaris minore0
- Value
- 59.1 and 20.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis were the major weeds constituting 59.1 and 20.8% of the total weed population during 2010–11 and 67.6 and 16.9% during 2011–12, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Anagallis arvensis comprised 20.8% of weeds in 2010–11 and 16.9% in 2011–12.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Anagallis arvensis
Lysimachia arvensise0weed - Outcome
- Anagallis arvensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis were the major weeds constituting 59.1 and 20.8% of the total weed population during 2010–11 and 67.6 and 16.9% during 2011–12, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Other weeds associated with wheat included Avena ludovician, Lolium temulentum, Poa annua and Vicia sativa.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- other important weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena ludovician, Lolium temulentum, Poa annua and Vicia sativa were the other important weeds found in association with wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced wheat grain yield by 39.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds reduced grain yield of wheat by 39.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden plus metsulfuron-methyl was comparable to weed free treatment for reducing Phalaris minor density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl (50 + 4 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- density of Phalaris minore0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- weed free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl (50 + 4 g/ha) and pinoxaden fb metsulfuron-methyl (50 fb 4 g/ha) were comparable to weed free treatment in reducing the density of Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential pinoxaden and metsulfuron-methyl was comparable to weed free treatment for reducing Anagallis arvensis density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pinoxaden fb metsulfuron-methyl (50 fb 4 g/ha)e0
- Interactor
- Anagallis arvensisLysimachia arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- density of Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensise0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- weed free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl (50 + 4 g/ha) and pinoxaden fb metsulfuron-methyl (50 fb 4 g/ha) were comparable to weed free treatment in reducing the density of Phalaris minor and Anagallis arvensis.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden alone was ineffective against broad-leaved weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pinoxaden alonee0
- Outcome
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinoxaden alone was not effective against broad-leaved weeds”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone, metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D were ineffective against grasses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- carfentrazone, metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- grassese0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carfentrazone, metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D were not effective against grasses”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden combined with metsulfuron-methyl or carfentrazone significantly lowered total weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl/carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- total weed density and weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl/carfentrazone (as tank mixed or as followed by) resulted in significantly lower total weed density and weed biomass.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden combinations with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-D gave higher tillers, grains per spike and seed weight, comparable with weed free treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- tillers, grains/spike and 1000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weed freee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-D resulted in significantly higher tillers, grains/spike and 1000-seed weight and grain yield as comparable to in weed free.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinoxaden combinations with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-D gave higher grain yield comparable with weed free treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weed freee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of pinoxaden with metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone and 2,4-D resulted in significantly higher tillers, grains/spike and 1000-seed weight and grain yield as comparable to in weed free.”
t0“wheat”
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See all 155 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.