Abstract
w e examined cadmium (0.1 mmol/l) toxicity and effect of different calcium concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mmol/l) on the growth of organs (root, mesocotyl and coleoptile) of 4-day-old maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures. The influence of both metals on distribution of cadmium, calcium, potassium and so dium in the organs of maize seedlings was also studied. Calcium at a concentration of 1.0 mmol/l increased the growth of all organs in comparison with the growth in 0.1 and 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 . Cadmium inhibited maize organ growth in the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 , whereas cadmium toxicity was not ob served at 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 . It was found that the content of both metals in maize seedling organs rose with increasing concentrations of Ca or Cd in the hydroponic solutions. Cadmium administration together with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 led to an increase in calcium concentrations in roots and coleoptiles. The highest calcium concentration (10.0 mmol/l) caused a decrease in the cadmium concentration in roots. the addition of cadmium with 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 diminished potassium accumulation in the roots. By contrast, potassium content in the roots was not altered by cadmium when calcium was applied at a concentration of 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 . Sodium content in maize seedlings was not affected in the presence of both cadmium and calcium at a concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l, whereas cadmium with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 decreased sodium accumulation in the roots. Thus, we conclude that the positive effect of highest concentration of calcium on the growth in the presence of Cd relay on the maintenance of high concentration of potassium in the roots.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium at 1.0 mmol/l increased growth of all maize seedling organs relative to 0.1 and 10.0 mmol/l.
- Treatment
- Calcium at a concentration of 1.0 mmol/le0
- Outcome
- growth of all organse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0.1 and 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium at a concentration of 1.0 mmol/l increased the growth of all organs in comparison with the growth in 0.1 and 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 .”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited maize organ growth with 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/l calcium chloride.
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- maize organ growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium inhibited maize organ growth in the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity was not observed with 10.0 mmol/l calcium chloride.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium toxicity was not ob served at 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium content in maize seedling organs rose with increasing calcium concentration in solution.
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of Ca or Cde0
- Outcome
- content of both metals in maize seedling organse0
- Direction
- rosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of both metals in maize seedling organs rose with increasing concentrations of Ca or Cd in the hydroponic solutions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium with 10.0 mmol/l calcium chloride increased calcium concentrations in maize roots and coleoptiles.
- Treatment
- Cadmium administration together with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- calcium concentrations in roots and coleoptilese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium administration together with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 led to an increase in calcium concentrations in roots and coleoptiles.”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest calcium concentration decreased cadmium concentration in maize roots.
- Treatment
- highest calcium concentration (10.0 mmol/l)e0
- Outcome
- cadmium concentration in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest calcium concentration (10.0 mmol/l) caused a decrease in the cadmium concentration in roots.”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium with 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l calcium chloride diminished potassium accumulation in maize roots.
- Treatment
- addition of cadmium with 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- potassium accumulation in the rootse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of cadmium with 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 diminished potassium accumulation in the roots.”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium did not alter root potassium content when calcium chloride was 10.0 mmol/l.
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- potassium content in the rootse0
- Direction
- not alterede0
- Qualifier
- 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium content in the roots was not altered by cadmium when calcium was applied at a concentration of 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 .”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium content was unaffected by cadmium with 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l calcium.
- Treatment
- cadmium and calcium at a concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/le0
- Outcome
- Sodium content in maize seedlingse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium content in maize seedlings was not affected in the presence of both cadmium and calcium at a concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 mmol/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium with 10.0 mmol/l calcium chloride decreased sodium accumulation in maize roots.
- Treatment
- cadmium with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- sodium accumulation in the rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium with 10.0 mmol/l CaCl 2 decreased sodium accumulation in the roots.”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed the growth benefit of high calcium under cadmium to maintaining high root potassium.
- Treatment
- highest concentration of calciume0
- Outcome
- growth in the presence of Cde0
- Qualifier
- maintenance of high concentration of potassium in the rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive effect of highest concentration of calcium on the growth in the presence of Cd relay on the maintenance of high concentration of potassium in the roots.”
e1“maize seedlings in hydroponic cultures”
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