Abstract
ABSTRACT In organic viticulture, downy mildew is often controlled with copper. Because copper is known to be phytotoxic and to accumulate in the soil, the replacement of copper is a major concern of organic agriculture. Here, 13 on-farm trials to evaluate potassium phosphonate as an alternative fungicide to copper are reported. Residues were determined in 53 samples of wine. Potassium phosphonate was effective against downy mildew, but not against powdery mildew and red fire disease. Treatment effectivity against downy mildew increased significantly with the amounts of potassium phosphonate applied. Phosphonate residues in wine were highly correlated with the total amount of potassium phosphonate applied during the vegetation period, but not with the date of the last application. Under equal treatment of the grapes with potassium phosphonate, red wines contained approximately 25% more phosphonate than white wines, but this was not sufficient to result in detectable differences between red and white wines in a random sample of wines. There were no obvious differences among grape cultivars. In conclusion, potassium phosphonate is an effective fungicide for the control of downy mildew, but the application of potassium phosphonate inevitably leads to phosphonate residues in the wine. In our view, phosphonate residues are not compatible with the reputation of organic wine among consumers, and we do recommend the use of potassium phosphonate in organic viticulture.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphonate controlled downy mildew.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium phosphonate was effective against downy mildew”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphonate did not control powdery mildew.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not against powdery mildew”
t0“Grapevine with Potassium Phosphonate”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphonate did not control red fire disease.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not against powdery mildew and red fire disease”
t0“Grapevine with Potassium Phosphonate”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew control increased with the applied amount.
- Treatment
- potassium phosphonatee0
- Outcome
- Treatment effectivity against downy mildewe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment effectivity against downy mildew increased significantly with the amounts of potassium phosphonate applied”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Wine phosphonate residues correlated highly with total applied amount.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphonate residues in wine were highly correlated with the total amount of potassium phosphonate applied during the vegetation period”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Wine residues did not correlate with last application date.
- Treatment
- Potassium Phosphonatet0
- Outcome
- Phosphonate Residues in Winet0
- Qualifier
- date of the last applicatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not with the date of the last application”
t0“Grapevine with Potassium Phosphonate: Effectivity and Phosphonate Residues in Wine”
Claim · model-written summary
Equally treated red wines contained approximately 25% more phosphonate than white wines.
Verbatim
e0“Under equal treatment of the grapes with potassium phosphonate, red wines contained approximately 25% more phosphonate than white wines”
Claim · model-written summary
A random wine sample showed no detectable red versus white wine difference.
- Outcome
- detectable differences between red and white winese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this was not sufficient to result in detectable differences between red and white wines in a random sample of wines”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
No obvious differences occurred among grape cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“There were no obvious differences among grape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphonate application leads to residues in wine.
- Outcome
- phosphonate residues in the winee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of potassium phosphonate inevitably leads to phosphonate residues in the wine”
t0“Grapevine”
The same questions in other papers
phosphonate · disease · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
potassium · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.