Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are two important enzymes responsible for putrescine biosynthesis. In this study, a full-length ADC cDNA (MdADC) was isolated from apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. Meanwhile, a partial ODC (pMdODC) could be amplified only by a second RCR from the RT-PCR products, whereas a full-length ODC could not be obtained by either cDNA library screening or 5'- and 3'-RACEs, suggesting quite low expression. Moreover, D-arginine, an ADC inhibitor, caused a decrease in ADC activity and severely inhibited the growth of apple callus, which could be partially resumed by exogenous addition of putrescine, whereas alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor for ODC, caused the incomplete repression of callus growth without changing ODC activity. RNA gel blot showed that the expression level of MdADC was high in young tissues/organs with rapid cell division and was positively induced by chilling, salt, and dehydration, implying its involvement in both cell growth and these stress responses. By contrast, the transcript of ODC could not be detected by RNA gel blot analysis. Based on the present study, it is possible to conclude that (i) the ODC pathway is active in apple, although the expression level of the pMdODC gene homologous with its counterparts found in other plant species is quite low; and (ii) MdADC expression correlates with cell growth and stress responses to chilling, salt, and dehydration, suggesting that ADC is a primary biosynthetic pathway for putrescine biosynthesis in apple.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A full-length MdADC cDNA was isolated from apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Gene
- MdADCe0
- Outcome
- full-length ADC cDNAe0
- Value
- full-lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a full-length ADC cDNA (MdADC) was isolated from apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a partial pMdODC could be amplified, consistent with low expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Gene
- pMdODCe0
- Outcome
- partial ODC (pMdODC) could be amplified only by a second RCRe0
- Qualifier
- suggesting quite low expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a partial ODC (pMdODC) could be amplified only by a second RCR from the RT-PCR products, whereas a full-length ODC could not be obtained by either cDNA library screening or 5'- and 3'-RACEs, suggesting quite low expression”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-length ODC could not be recovered from apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Gene
- ODCe0
- Outcome
- full-length ODC could not be obtainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a full-length ODC could not be obtained by either cDNA library screening or 5'- and 3'-RACEs”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
D-arginine decreased ADC activity in apple callus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D-arginine, an ADC inhibitor, caused a decrease in ADC activity and severely inhibited the growth of apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
D-arginine severely inhibited apple callus growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- D-argininee0
- Outcome
- growth of apple calluse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D-arginine, an ADC inhibitor, caused a decrease in ADC activity and severely inhibited the growth of apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous putrescine partly restored apple callus growth after D-arginine.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- exogenous addition of putrescinee0
- Outcome
- growth of apple calluse0
- Direction
- partially resumede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of apple callus, which could be partially resumed by exogenous addition of putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
DFMO incompletely repressed apple callus growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)e0
- Gene
- ODCe0
- Outcome
- callus growthe0
- Direction
- incomplete repressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor for ODC, caused the incomplete repression of callus growth”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
DFMO did not change ODC activity in apple callus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)e0
- Gene
- ODCe0
- Outcome
- ODC activitye0
- Direction
- without changinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor for ODC, caused the incomplete repression of callus growth without changing ODC activity”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
MdADC expression was high in young, rapidly dividing apple tissues and organs.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- young tissues/organse0
- Gene
- MdADCe0
- Outcome
- expression level of MdADCe0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression level of MdADC was high in young tissues/organs with rapid cell division”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling induced MdADC expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Gene
- MdADCe0
- Outcome
- MdADCe0
- Direction
- positively inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdADC was high in young tissues/organs with rapid cell division and was positively induced by chilling, salt, and dehydration”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt induced MdADC expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdADC was high in young tissues/organs with rapid cell division and was positively induced by chilling, salt, and dehydration”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration induced MdADC expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- dehydratione0
- Gene
- MdADCe0
- Outcome
- MdADCe0
- Direction
- positively inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdADC was high in young tissues/organs with rapid cell division and was positively induced by chilling, salt, and dehydration”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
ODC transcript was undetectable by RNA blot.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Gene
- ODCe0
- Outcome
- transcript of ODC could not be detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcript of ODC could not be detected by RNA gel blot analysis”
e1“apple callus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer an active ODC pathway in apple despite low pMdODC expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- pMdODCe0
- Outcome
- ODC pathway is activee0
- Qualifier
- expression level of the pMdODC gene homologous with its counterparts found in other plant species is quite lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ODC pathway is active in apple, although the expression level of the pMdODC gene homologous with its counterparts found in other plant species is quite low”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer ADC is a primary putrescine biosynthesis pathway in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- ADCe0
- Outcome
- putrescine biosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- primary biosynthetic pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ADC is a primary biosynthetic pathway for putrescine biosynthesis in apple”
The same questions in other papers
D-arginine · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
putrescine · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.