Abstract
Among various environmental factors, temperature is a major regulator affecting plant growth, development and fruit composition. Grapevine is the most cultivated fruit plant throughout the world, and grapes are used for wine production and human consumption. The molecular mechanisms involved in grapevine tolerance to high temperature, especially at the fruit level, are poorly understood. To better characterize the sensitivity of berries to the microenvironment, high temperature conditions were locally applied to Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon clusters. Two genes, VvGOLS1 and VvHsfA2, up-regulated by this treatment, were identified and further characterized. The expression profile of VvGOLS1 correlated positively with galactinol accumulation in heat-stressed berries. However, no galactinol derivatives, such as raffinose and stachyose, accumulated upon heat stress. Heterologous expression of VvGOLS1 in Escherichia coli showed that it encodes a functional galactinol synthase. Transient expression assays showed that the heat stress factor VvHsfA2 transactivates the promoter of VvGOLS1 in a heat stress-dependent manner. Taken together, our results highlight the intrinsic capacity of grape berries to perceive heat stress and to initiate adaptive responses, suggesting that galactinol may play a signaling role in these responses.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment up-regulated VvGOLS1 and VvHsfA2.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon
Vitis viniferae0 - Organ / stage
- clusterse0
- Treatment
- high temperature conditionse0
- Gene
- VvGOLS1 and VvHsfA2e0
- Outcome
- VvGOLS1 and VvHsfA2e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature conditions were locally applied to Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon clusters. Two genes, VvGOLS1 and VvHsfA2, up-regulated by this treatment, were identified and further characterized.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvGOLS1 expression correlated positively with galactinol accumulation in heat-stressed berries.
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression profile of VvGOLS1 correlated positively with galactinol accumulation in heat-stressed berries.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Raffinose and stachyose did not accumulate under heat stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no galactinol derivatives, such as raffinose and stachyose, accumulated upon heat stress.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
VvGOLS1 encoded a functional galactinol synthase in the heterologous assay.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous expression of VvGOLS1 in Escherichia coli showed that it encodes a functional galactinol synthase.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
VvHsfA2 transactivated the VvGOLS1 promoter in a heat-dependent manner.
- Gene
- VvHsfA2e0
- Outcome
- promoter of VvGOLS1e0
- Direction
- transactivatese0
- Qualifier
- heat stress-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the heat stress factor VvHsfA2 transactivates the promoter of VvGOLS1 in a heat stress-dependent manner.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest galactinol may signal adaptive heat responses in berries.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that galactinol may play a signaling role in these responses.”
t0“Grapevine Berries”
The same questions in other papers
heat · molecular: metabolites · VitisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.