Abstract
Polyamines are important in protecting plants against various environmental stresses, including protection against photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus. The molecular mechanism of this latter effect is not completely understood. Here, we have investigated the effects of salinity-alkalinity stress and spermidine (Spd) on tomato seedlings at both physiological and transcriptional levels. Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control. The amount of D1 protein, an important component of photosystem II, was reduced compared with the control, as was the expression of psbA, which codes for D1. Expression of the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) was reduced following salinity-alkalinity stress, whereas the expression of Chlase, which codes for chlorophyllase, was increased. These negative physiological effects of salinity-alkalinity stress were alleviated by exogenous Spd. Expression of PBGD and psbA were enhanced, whereas the expression of Chlase was reduced, when exogenous Spd was included in the stress treatment compared with when it was not. The protective effect of Spd on chlorophyll and D1 protein content during stress may maintain the photosynthetic apparatus, permitting continued photosynthesis and growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguan) under salinity-alkalinity stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate and maximum net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguane6
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
e6“(Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguan) under salinity-alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency and total chlorophyll of tomato seedlings relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguane6
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
e6“(Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguan) under salinity-alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased chlorophyll a and the chlorophyll a:b ratio of tomato seedlings relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguane6
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll be1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
e6“(Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinpengchaoguan) under salinity-alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress reduced the amount of D1 protein in tomato seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse1
- Gene
- D1 proteine2
- Outcome
- amount of D1 proteine2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
e2“The amount of D1 protein, an important component of photosystem II, was reduced compared with the control, as was the expression of psbA, which codes for D1”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress reduced psbA expression in tomato seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse1
- Gene
- psbAe2
- Outcome
- expression of psbAe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
e2“The amount of D1 protein, an important component of photosystem II, was reduced compared with the control, as was the expression of psbA, which codes for D1”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress reduced PBGD expression in tomato seedlings relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse3
- Gene
- porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD)e3
- Outcome
- Expression of the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD)e3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e3“Expression of the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) was reduced following salinity-alkalinity stress, whereas the expression of Chlase, which codes for chlorophyllase, was increased”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress increased Chlase expression in tomato seedlings relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse3
- Gene
- Chlasee3
- Outcome
- the expression of Chlasee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e3“Expression of the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) was reduced following salinity-alkalinity stress, whereas the expression of Chlase, which codes for chlorophyllase, was increased”
e1“Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine alleviated the negative physiological effects of salinity-alkalinity stress in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde4
- Outcome
- negative physiological effects of salinity-alkalinity stresse4
- Direction
- alleviatede4
- Comparator
- salinity-alkalinity stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e4“These negative physiological effects of salinity-alkalinity stress were alleviated by exogenous Spd”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine enhanced PBGD and psbA expression in salinity-alkalinity stressed tomato seedlings compared with stress alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde5
- Gene
- PBGD and psbAe5
- Outcome
- Expression of PBGD and psbAe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- when it was note5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e5“Expression of PBGD and psbA were enhanced, whereas the expression of Chlase was reduced, when exogenous Spd was included in the stress treatment compared with when it was not”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine reduced Chlase expression in salinity-alkalinity stressed tomato seedlings compared with stress alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde5
- Gene
- Chlasee5
- Outcome
- the expression of Chlasee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- when it was note5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings under salinity–alkalinity stress”
e5“Expression of PBGD and psbA were enhanced, whereas the expression of Chlase was reduced, when exogenous Spd was included in the stress treatment compared with when it was not”
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