Abstract
After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, and pigment contents significantly decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content greatly increased. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in PEG-treated maize seedlings were swollen, with a disintegrating envelope and disrupted grana thylakoid lamellae. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method, we were able to identify 22 protein spots with significantly altered abundance in the leaves of treated seedlings in response to water deficiency, 16 of which were successfully identified. These protein species were functionally classified into signal transduction, stress defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and unknown categories. The change in the abundance of the identified protein species may be closely related to the phenotypic and physiological changes due to PEG-stimulated water deficiency. Most of the identified protein species were putatively located in chloroplasts, indicating that chloroplasts may be prone to damage by PEG stimulated-water deficiency in maize seedlings. Our results help clarify the molecular mechanisms of the responses of higher plants to severe water deficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PEG water deficiency decreased plant height and shoot fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiencye0
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e1“plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, and pigment contents significantly decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG water deficiency decreased pigment contents of maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiencye0
- Outcome
- pigment contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e1“plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, and pigment contents significantly decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG water deficiency greatly increased malondialdehyde content in maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiencye0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e2“whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content greatly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesophyll chloroplasts of PEG-treated maize seedlings were swollen with a disintegrating envelope and disrupted grana thylakoid lamellae.
- Treatment
- PEG-treatede3
- Outcome
- chloroplasts of mesophyll cellse3
- Qualifier
- swollen, with a disintegrating envelope and disrupted grana thylakoid lamellaee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in PEG-treated maize seedlings were swollen, with a disintegrating envelope and disrupted grana thylakoid lamellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-two protein spots in maize seedling leaves changed significantly in abundance under water deficiency.
- Treatment
- water deficiencye4
- Outcome
- protein spots with significantly altered abundancee4
- Value
- 22 protein spotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e4“we were able to identify 22 protein spots with significantly altered abundance in the leaves of treated seedlings in response to water deficiency, 16 of which were successfully identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen of the altered protein spots in maize seedling leaves were identified.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e4“we were able to identify 22 protein spots with significantly altered abundance in the leaves of treated seedlings in response to water deficiency, 16 of which were successfully identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified maize seedling leaf proteins were functionally classified into signal transduction, stress defense and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Outcome
- functionally classifiede5
- Qualifier
- signal transduction, stress defense, carbohydrate metabolisme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e5“These protein species were functionally classified into signal transduction, stress defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and unknown categories”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified maize seedling leaf proteins were also functionally classified into protein metabolism and unknown categories.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After maize seedlings grown in full-strength Hoagland solution for 20 days were exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stimulated water deficiency for two days”
e5“These protein species were functionally classified into signal transduction, stress defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and unknown categories”
Claim · model-written summary
Most identified maize seedling leaf protein species were putatively located in chloroplasts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Most of the identified protein species were putatively located in chloroplasts, indicating that chloroplasts may be prone to damage by PEG stimulated-water deficiency in maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplasts may be prone to damage by PEG-stimulated water deficiency in maize seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Most of the identified protein species were putatively located in chloroplasts, indicating that chloroplasts may be prone to damage by PEG stimulated-water deficiency in maize seedlings”
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