Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas (EMs), which are symbiotic organs formed between tree roots and certain fungi, can mediate cadmium (Cd) tolerance of host plants, but the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate EMs mediated Cd tolerance in woody plants, Populus × canescens was inoculated with Paxillus involutus (strain MAJ) to establish mycorrhizal roots. Mycorrhizal poplars and non-mycorrhizal controls were exposed to 0 or 50 μM CdSO4 . EMs displayed higher net Cd(2+) influx than non-mycorrhizal roots. Net Cd(2+) influx was coupled with net H(+) efflux and inactivation of plasma membrane (PM) H(+) -ATPases reduced Cd(2+) uptake of EMs less than of non-mycorrhizal roots. Consistent with higher Cd(2+) uptake in EMs, in most cases, transcript levels of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake, transport and detoxification processes were increased in EMs compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. Higher CO2 assimilation, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status, and alleviated oxidative stress were found in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd(2+) accumulation. These results indicate that mycorrhizas increase Cd(2+) uptake, probably by an enlarged root volume and overexpression of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake and transport, and concurrently enhance Po. × canescens Cd tolerance by increased detoxification, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status and defence preparedness.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal roots had higher net Cd influx than non-mycorrhizal roots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“EMs displayed higher net Cd(2+) influx than non-mycorrhizal roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd influx was coupled to net proton efflux.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Net Cd(2+) influx was coupled with net H(+) efflux”
Claim · model-written summary
Inactivating plasma membrane proton ATPases reduced Cd uptake less in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal roots.
- Treatment
- inactivation of plasma membrane (PM) H(+) -ATPasese0
- Gene
- H(+) -ATPasese0
- Outcome
- Cd(2+) uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal rootse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“inactivation of plasma membrane (PM) H(+) -ATPases reduced Cd(2+) uptake of EMs less than of non-mycorrhizal roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcript levels of Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification genes were generally higher in ectomycorrhizas.
- Treatment
- EMse0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake, transport and detoxification processese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal rootse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“in most cases, transcript levels of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake, transport and detoxification processes were increased in EMs compared to non-mycorrhizal roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal poplars had higher CO2 assimilation and improved nutrient and carbohydrate status.
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher CO2 assimilation, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status, and alleviated oxidative stress were found in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd(2+) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal poplars had improved nutrient and carbohydrate status.
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Outcome
- nutrient and carbohydrate statuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal poplarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher CO2 assimilation, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status, and alleviated oxidative stress were found in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd(2+) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal poplars had alleviated oxidative stress.
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal poplarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher CO2 assimilation, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status, and alleviated oxidative stress were found in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd(2+) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal poplars accumulated more Cd.
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Outcome
- Cd(2+) accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal poplarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal poplars despite higher Cd(2+) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute increased Cd uptake to root volume and uptake/transport gene overexpression.
- Outcome
- Cd(2+) uptakee0
- Qualifier
- probably by an enlarged root volume and overexpression of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake and transporte0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizas increase Cd(2+) uptake, probably by an enlarged root volume and overexpression of genes involved in Cd(2+) uptake and transport”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved Cd tolerance to detoxification, nutrient and carbohydrate status, and defense readiness.
Verbatim
e0“enhance Po. × canescens Cd tolerance by increased detoxification, improved nutrient and carbohydrate status and defence preparedness.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.