Abstract
Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees with a heavy bloom were sprayed with carbaryl [Sevin ® XLR 1.25 mL L –1 (600 mg L –1 a.i.)], benzyladenine (BA)/gibberellic acids (GA 4 + 7 ) [Accel ® 1.22 mL L –1 (23.1 mg L –1 /2.31 mg L –1 a.i.)], carbaryl [Sevin ® XLR 1.25 mL L –1 (600 mg L –1 a.i.)] + BA/GA 4 + 7 [Accel ® 1.22 mL L –1 (15.6 mg L –1 /1.56 mg L –1 a.i.)] and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) [FruitoneN ® 0.32 g·L –1 (1.13 mg L –1 a.i.)] when fruitlet diameter was 7 mm. Ethephon [Ethrel ® 2.29 mL L –1 (549.6 mg L –1 a.i.)] was applied at the 13.5 mm fruitlet diameter stage. Carbaryl alone, NAA and ethephon all resulted in improved fruit size at harvest, whereas BA/GA 4 + 7 was ineffective as a thinner and did not alter fruit size at harvest. Of these treatments, only ethephon significantly reduced crop load. Both NAA and ethephon, and especially ethephon, advanced fruit maturity at harvest as indicated by a lower Streif index. Only ethephon increased commercial levels of fruit colour and following-year blossom density. Thus, while ethephon appears promising as a fruitlet thinner and a promoter of maturity for this cultivar, these effects will have to be balanced against possible adverse effects on storage and shelf life. Key words: Crop load, carbaryl, ethephon, apple maturity, Streif index
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl alone improved fruit size at harvest in Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domestica
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Paularede1
- Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Treatment
- Carbaryle2
- Outcome
- fruit size at harveste2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e2“Carbaryl alone, NAA and ethephon all resulted in improved fruit size at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA improved fruit size at harvest in Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Treatment
- NAAe2
- Outcome
- fruit size at harveste2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e2“Carbaryl alone, NAA and ethephon all resulted in improved fruit size at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon improved fruit size at harvest in Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Treatment
- ethephone2
- Outcome
- fruit size at harveste2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e2“Carbaryl alone, NAA and ethephon all resulted in improved fruit size at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
BA/GA4+7 did not alter fruit size at harvest and was ineffective as a thinner.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Treatment
- BA/GA 4 + 7e3
- Outcome
- fruit size at harveste3
- Direction
- did not altere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e3“whereas BA/GA 4 + 7 was ineffective as a thinner and did not alter fruit size at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly reduced crop load in Paulared apple, and was the only treatment to do so.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Treatment
- ethephone4
- Outcome
- crop loade4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e4“Of these treatments, only ethephon significantly reduced crop load”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA advanced fruit maturity at harvest, indicated by a lower Streif index.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Organ / stage
- fruite5
- Treatment
- NAAe5
- Outcome
- Streif indexe5
- Direction
- lowere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e5“Both NAA and ethephon, and especially ethephon, advanced fruit maturity at harvest as indicated by a lower Streif index”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon advanced fruit maturity at harvest, indicated by a lower Streif index.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Organ / stage
- fruite5
- Treatment
- ethephone5
- Outcome
- Streif indexe5
- Direction
- lowere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e5“Both NAA and ethephon, and especially ethephon, advanced fruit maturity at harvest as indicated by a lower Streif index”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased commercial levels of fruit colour in Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- commercial levels of fruit coloure6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e6“Only ethephon increased commercial levels of fruit colour and following-year blossom density”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased blossom density in the following year in Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- following-year blossom densitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e6“Only ethephon increased commercial levels of fruit colour and following-year blossom density”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon is promising as a fruitlet thinner and promoter of maturity for Paulared apple.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Paularede1
- Treatment
- ethephone7
- Outcome
- fruitlet thinner and a promoter of maturitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e7“while ethephon appears promising as a fruitlet thinner and a promoter of maturity for this cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon effects on thinning and maturity must be balanced against possible adverse effects on storage and shelf life.
- Taxon
- Malus ×domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- adverse effects on storage and shelf lifee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature Paulared (Malus ×domestica Borkh L.)/MM106 apple trees”
e0“these effects will have to be balanced against possible adverse effects on storage and shelf life”
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.