Abstract
S ummary Poor stands of peas due to fungal rotting were observed in field experimental plots in widely separated pea‐growing districts. The rotting was not due to seed‐borne Ascochyta pisi or Mycosphaerella pinodes which were apparently absent from the seed. Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledons of several varieties of peas grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil showed an abundance of common moulds and several pathogenic fungi, namely: a Fusarium of the section Roseum, Fusarium culmorum and Botrytis cinerea . Isolations from surface sterilized rotting stems from five experimental centres at harvest time indicated the presence of a great variety of fungi including a number of species of Fusarium . Many of these, including all the common moulds such as Penicillium , were non‐pathogenic to the cotyledons. Fusarium avenaceum was found to be highly pathogenic to the cotyledons; F. solani var. Martii showed some signs of causing rotting; Botrytis cinerea was highly pathogenic. Several non‐pathogenic species of Fusarium were obtained. Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons: Botrytis cinerea from Lactuca, Rosa and elsewhere. Fusarium avenaceum from Triticum . Fusarium culmorum from Triticum, Dianthus and Callistephus . Fusarium species from Vicia faba and Tulipa . Helminthosporium sativum from Triticum . Ophiobolus heterostrophus from Oryza . Sclerotinia species from Lactuca . Fusarium Graminearum from Triticum . It is suggested that loss of stand in pea crops due to rotting of the cotyledons by these and other fungi is probably more important than diseases caused by Ascochyta and Mycosphaerella and foot‐rots in the late stage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Poor stands of peas due to fungal rotting were observed in field experimental plots.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Outcome
- Poor standse0
- Setting
- field experimental plotse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poor stands of peas due to fungal rotting were observed in field experimental plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotting was not due to seed-borne Ascochyta pisi or Mycosphaerella pinodes, which were apparently absent from the seed.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta pisiAscochyta pisie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Mycosphaerella pinodes
Didymella pinodese0pathogen - Outcome
- absent from the seede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“The rotting was not due to seed‐borne Ascochyta pisi or Mycosphaerella pinodes which were apparently absent from the seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolations from surface-sterilized pea cotyledons grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil yielded a Fusarium of the section Roseum.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium of the section Roseume1pathogen
- Outcome
- Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledonse0
- Setting
- sterilized and unsterilized soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledons of several varieties of peas grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil”
e1“a Fusarium of the section Roseum”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolations from surface-sterilized pea cotyledons yielded Fusarium culmorum.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume1pathogen - Outcome
- Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledonse0
- Setting
- sterilized and unsterilized soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledons of several varieties of peas grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil”
e1“a Fusarium of the section Roseum, Fusarium culmorum and Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolations from surface-sterilized pea cotyledons yielded Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledonse0
- Setting
- sterilized and unsterilized soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Isolations from surface sterilized cotyledons of several varieties of peas grown in sterilized and unsterilized soil”
e1“a Fusarium of the section Roseum, Fusarium culmorum and Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Common moulds such as Penicillium were non-pathogenic to the pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0other - Outcome
- non‐pathogenic to the cotyledonse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“all the common moulds such as Penicillium , were non‐pathogenic to the cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolations from rotting stems at five experimental centres yielded a great variety of fungi, including several Fusarium species.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- rotting stemse0
- Interactor
- species of Fusariume0other
- Outcome
- presence of a great variety of fungie0
- Setting
- five experimental centrese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Isolations from surface sterilized rotting stems from five experimental centres at harvest time indicated the presence of a great variety of fungi including a number of species of Fusarium”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium avenaceum was highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons, including stock cultures from Triticum.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Triticume1
- Interactor
- Fusarium avenaceum
Fusarium avenaceume0pathogen - Outcome
- highly pathogenic to the cotyledonse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Fusarium avenaceum was found to be highly pathogenic to the cotyledons”
e1“Fusarium avenaceum from Triticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani var. martii showed some signs of causing pea cotyledon rotting.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- F. solani var. Martii
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- some signs of causing rottinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“F. solani var. Martii showed some signs of causing rotting”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis cinerea was highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons, including stock cultures from Lactuca, Rosa and elsewhere.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Lactuca, Rosa and elsewheree1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- highly pathogenice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Botrytis cinerea was highly pathogenic”
e1“Botrytis cinerea from Lactuca, Rosa and elsewhere”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Fusarium culmorum were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Triticum, Dianthus and Callistephuse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- high pathogenicitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Fusarium culmorum from Triticum, Dianthus and Callistephus”
e1“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Fusarium species were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Vicia faba and Tulipae1
- Outcome
- high pathogenicitye0
FusariumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
e1“Fusarium species from Vicia faba and Tulipa”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Helminthosporium sativum were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Triticume1
- Interactor
- Helminthosporium sativume1pathogen
- Outcome
- high pathogenicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
e1“Helminthosporium sativum from Triticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Ophiobolus heterostrophus were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Oryzae1
- Interactor
- Ophiobolus heterostrophus
Bipolaris maydise1pathogen - Outcome
- high pathogenicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
e1“Ophiobolus heterostrophus from Oryza”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Sclerotinia species were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Lactucae1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia species
Sclerotiniae1pathogen - Outcome
- high pathogenicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
e1“Sclerotinia species from Lactuca”
Claim · model-written summary
Stock cultures of Fusarium graminearum were highly pathogenic to pea cotyledons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- from Triticume1
- Interactor
- Fusarium Graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Outcome
- high pathogenicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Tests with numerous stock cultures show high pathogenicity of the following fungi to pea cotyledons”
e1“Fusarium Graminearum from Triticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Several non-pathogenic Fusarium species were obtained.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- non‐pathogenic speciese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“Several non‐pathogenic species of Fusarium were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of stand in pea crops from cotyledon rotting by these and other fungi is probably more important than Ascochyta and Mycosphaerella diseases.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- loss of stand in pea cropse0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Qualifier
- due to rotting of the cotyledonse0
- Comparator
- diseases caused by Ascochyta and Mycosphaerellae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PEA SEEDS”
e0“loss of stand in pea crops due to rotting of the cotyledons by these and other fungi is probably more important than diseases caused by Ascochyta and Mycosphaerella”