Abstract
Pathogen infection leads to the activation of defense signaling networks in plants. To study these networks and the relationships between their components, we introduced various defense mutations into acd6-1, a constitutive gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant that is highly disease resistant. acd6-1 plants show spontaneous cell death, reduced stature, and accumulate high levels of camalexin (an anti-fungal compound) and salicylic acid (SA; a signaling molecule). Disruption of several defense genes revealed that in acd6-1, SA levels/signaling were positively correlated with the degree of disease resistance and defense gene expression. Salicylic acid also modulates the severity of cell death. However, accumulation of camalexin in acd6-1 is largely unaffected by reducing the level of SA. In addition, acd6-1 shows ethylene- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling that is antagonized and therefore masked by the presence of SA. Mutant analysis revealed a new relationship between the signaling components NPR1 and PAD4 and also indicated that multiple defense pathways were required for phenotypes conferred by acd6-1. In addition, our data confirmed that the size of acd6-1 was inversely correlated with SA levels/signaling. We exploited this unique feature of acd6-1 to identify two genes disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor (sup) mutants: one encodes a known SA biosynthetic component (SID2) and the other encodes an uncharacterized putative metalloprotease (At5g20660). Taken together, acd6-1 is a powerful tool not only for dissecting defense regulatory networks but also for discovering novel defense genes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
acd6-1 plants show spontaneous cell death and reduced stature
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- spontaneous cell death, reduced staturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e0“acd6-1 plants show spontaneous cell death, reduced stature, and accumulate high levels of camalexin (an anti-fungal compound) and salicylic acid (SA; a signaling molecule)”
Claim · model-written summary
acd6-1 plants accumulate high levels of camalexin
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- camalexine0
- Outcome
- high levels of camalexine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e0“acd6-1 plants show spontaneous cell death, reduced stature, and accumulate high levels of camalexin (an anti-fungal compound) and salicylic acid (SA; a signaling molecule)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA levels and signaling were positively correlated with the degree of disease resistance in acd6-1
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- SAe1
- Outcome
- degree of disease resistancee1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e1“Disruption of several defense genes revealed that in acd6-1, SA levels/signaling were positively correlated with the degree of disease resistance and defense gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid modulates the severity of cell death in acd6-1
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- Salicylic acide2
- Outcome
- severity of cell deathe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e2“Salicylic acid also modulates the severity of cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing SA level left camalexin accumulation in acd6-1 largely unaffected
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- reducing the level of SAe3
- Compound
- camalexine3
- Outcome
- accumulation of camalexine3
- Direction
- largely unaffectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e3“However, accumulation of camalexin in acd6-1 is largely unaffected by reducing the level of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling in acd6-1 is antagonized and masked by SA
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- SAe4
- Outcome
- ethylene- and jasmonic acid-mediated signalinge4
- Direction
- antagonizede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e4“acd6-1 shows ethylene- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling that is antagonized and therefore masked by the presence of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant analysis revealed a new relationship between the signaling components NPR1 and PAD4
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- NPR1 and PAD4e5
- Outcome
- new relationship between the signaling componentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e5“Mutant analysis revealed a new relationship between the signaling components NPR1 and PAD4”
Claim · model-written summary
The size of acd6-1 was inversely correlated with SA levels and signaling
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- SA levels/signalinge6
- Outcome
- sizee6
- Direction
- inversely correlatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e6“our data confirmed that the size of acd6-1 was inversely correlated with SA levels/signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
Two genes disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor mutants were identified, one encoding the SA biosynthetic component SID2
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SID2e7
- Outcome
- two genes disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor (sup) mutantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e7“We exploited this unique feature of acd6-1 to identify two genes disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor (sup) mutants: one encodes a known SA biosynthetic component (SID2) and the other encodes an uncharacterized putative metalloprotease (At5g20660)”
Claim · model-written summary
The second gene disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor mutants encodes an uncharacterized putative metalloprotease, At5g20660
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- At5g20660e7
- Outcome
- uncharacterized putative metalloproteasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Genetic analysis of acd6‐1 reveals complex defense networks and leads to identification of novel defense genes in Arabidopsis”
e7“We exploited this unique feature of acd6-1 to identify two genes disrupted in acd6-1 suppressor (sup) mutants: one encodes a known SA biosynthetic component (SID2) and the other encodes an uncharacterized putative metalloprotease (At5g20660)”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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