Abstract
A novel Arabidopsis mutant has been identified with constitutive expression of GST1-GUS using plants with a pathogen-responsive reporter transgene containing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region driven by the GST1 promoter. The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, elevated SA levels, a low level of spontaneous cell death, callose deposition, and enlarged cells in leaves. The enhanced resistance of agd2 to virulent P. syringae requires the SA signaling component NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). However, agd2 renders the resistance response to P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 NPR1-independent. Thus agd2 affects both an SA- and NPR1-dependent general defense pathway and an SA-dependent, NPR1-independent pathway that is active during the recognition of avirulent P. syringae. agd2 plants also fail to show a hypersensitive cell death response (HR) unless NPR1 is removed. This novel function for NPR1 is also apparent in otherwise wild-type plants: npr1 mutants show a stronger HR, while NPR1-overproducing plants show a weaker HR when infected with P. syringae carrying the avrRpm1 gene. Spontaneous cell death in agd2 is partially suppressed by npr1, indicating that NPR1 can suppress or enhance cell death depending on the cellular context. agd2 plants depleted of SA show a dramatic exacerbation of the cell-growth phenotype and increased callose deposition, suggesting a role for SA in regulating growth and this cell-wall modification. AGD2 may function in cell death and/or growth control as well as the defense response, similarly to what has been described in animals for the functions of NFkappaB.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The agd2 mutant constitutively expressed GST1-GUS.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- mutante0
- Gene
- GST1-GUSe0
- Outcome
- constitutive expression of GST1-GUSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A novel Arabidopsis mutant has been identified with constitutive expression of GST1-GUS”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 showed increased resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae strains dependent on salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to virulente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- salicylic acid (SA)-dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 showed increased resistance to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains dependent on salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance toe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- avirulente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 had elevated salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, elevated SA levels, a low level of spontaneous cell death, callose deposition, and enlarged cells in leaves.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 showed low spontaneous cell death and callose deposition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Outcome
- spontaneous cell death, callose depositione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, elevated SA levels, a low level of spontaneous cell death, callose deposition, and enlarged cells in leaves.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 had enlarged leaf cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Outcome
- enlarged cells in leavese0
- Direction
- enlargede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive mutant, called agd2 (aberrant growth and death2), has salicylic acid (SA)-dependent increased resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, elevated SA levels, a low level of spontaneous cell death, callose deposition, and enlarged cells in leaves.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance of agd2 to virulent P. syringae required NPR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Gene
- NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1)e0
- Outcome
- enhanced resistancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced resistance of agd2 to virulent P. syringae requires the SA signaling component NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1).”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 resistance to avrRpt2-bearing P. syringae did not require NPR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- resistance responsee0
- Qualifier
- carrying avrRpt2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agd2 renders the resistance response to P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 NPR1-independent.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
agd2 plants lacked hypersensitive cell death unless NPR1 was removed.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Treatment
- NPR1 is removede0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive cell death response (HR)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agd2 plants also fail to show a hypersensitive cell death response (HR) unless NPR1 is removed.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
npr1 mutants showed a stronger hypersensitive response to avrRpm1 P. syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- npr1 mutantse0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- HRe0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Qualifier
- carrying the avrRpm1 genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“npr1 mutants show a stronger HR, while NPR1-overproducing plants show a weaker HR when infected with P. syringae carrying the avrRpm1 gene.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
NPR1-overproducing plants showed a weaker hypersensitive response to avrRpm1 P. syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- NPR1-overproducing plantse0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- HRe0
- Direction
- weakere0
- Qualifier
- carrying the avrRpm1 genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“npr1 mutants show a stronger HR, while NPR1-overproducing plants show a weaker HR when infected with P. syringae carrying the avrRpm1 gene.”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
npr1 partly suppressed spontaneous cell death in agd2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Treatment
- npr1e0
- Gene
- npr1e0
- Outcome
- Spontaneous cell deathe0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spontaneous cell death in agd2 is partially suppressed by npr1”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic-acid-depleted agd2 plants showed a stronger abnormal growth phenotype.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Treatment
- depleted of SAe0
- Outcome
- cell-growth phenotypee0
- Direction
- exacerbatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agd2 plants depleted of SA show a dramatic exacerbation of the cell-growth phenotype and increased callose deposition”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic-acid-depleted agd2 plants deposited more callose.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- agd2e0
- Treatment
- depleted of SAe0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agd2 plants depleted of SA show a dramatic exacerbation of the cell-growth phenotype and increased callose deposition”
t0“The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.