Abstract
Under specific stress treatments (cold, starvation), in vitro microspores can be induced to deviate from their gametophytic development and switch to embryogenesis, forming haploid embryos and homozygous breeding lines in a short period of time. The inductive stress produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), signalling molecules mediating cellular responses, and cell death, modifying the embryogenic microspore response and therefore, the efficiency of the process. This work analysed cell death, caspase 3-like activity, and ROS and NO production (using fluorescence probes and confocal analysis) after inductive stress in barley microspore cultures and embryogenic suspension cultures, as an in vitro system which permitted easy handling for comparison. There was an increase in caspase 3-like activity and cell death after stress treatment in microspore and suspension cultures, while ROS increased in non-induced microspores and suspension cultures. Treatments of the cultures with a caspase 3 inhibitor, DEVD-CHO, significantly reduced the cell death percentages. Stress-treated embryogenic suspension cultures exhibited high NO signals and cell death, while treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (NO donor) in control suspension cultures resulted in even higher cell death. In contrast, in microspore cultures, NO production was detected after stress, and, in the case of 4-day microspore cultures, in embryogenic microspores accompanying the initiation of cell divisions. Subsequent treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages, but later they produced a delay in embryo development as well as a decrease in the percentage of embryogenesis in microspores. Results showed that the ROS increase was involved in the stress-induced programmed cell death occurring at early stages in both non-induced microspores and embryogenic suspension cultures; whereas NO played a dual role after stress in the two in vitro systems, one involved in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures and the other in the initiation of cell division leading to embryogenesis in reprogrammed microspores.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Stress increased caspase 3-like activity and cell death in microspore and suspension cultures.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- caspase 3-like activity and cell deathe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in caspase 3-like activity and cell death after stress treatment in microspore and suspension cultures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS increased in non-induced microspores and suspension cultures.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ROSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS increased in non-induced microspores and suspension cultures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
DEVD-CHO significantly reduced cell death percentages.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- DEVD-CHOe0
- Outcome
- cell death percentagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of the cultures with a caspase 3 inhibitor, DEVD-CHO, significantly reduced the cell death percentages”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress-treated embryogenic suspension cultures had high NO signals and cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- high NO signals and cell deathe0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stress-treated embryogenic suspension cultures exhibited high NO signals and cell death”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
An NO donor yielded even higher cell death in control suspension cultures.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- S-nitrosoglutathionee0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control suspension culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (NO donor) in control suspension cultures resulted in even higher cell death”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
NO was detected after stress in microspore cultures.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- NO production was detectede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in microspore cultures, NO production was detected after stress”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
NO occurred in dividing embryogenic microspores after four days.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- initiation of cell divisionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the case of 4-day microspore cultures, in embryogenic microspores accompanying the initiation of cell divisions”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS and NO scavengers decreased early cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ROS and NO scavengerse0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS and NO scavengers later delayed embryo development.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ROS and NO scavengerse0
- Outcome
- embryo developmente0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages, but later they produced a delay in embryo development”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS and NO scavengers decreased embryogenesis percentage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ROS and NO scavengerse0
- Outcome
- percentage of embryogenesise0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages, but later they produced a delay in embryo development as well as a decrease in the percentage of embryogenesis in microspores”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS increase was implicated in early programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- ROSe0
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- early stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ROS increase was involved in the stress-induced programmed cell death occurring at early stages in both non-induced microspores and embryogenic suspension cultures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
NO was implicated in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO played a dual role after stress in the two in vitro systems, one involved in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
NO was implicated in cell division initiation in reprogrammed microspores.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- initiation of cell division leading to embryogenesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO played a dual role after stress in the two in vitro systems, one involved in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures and the other in the initiation of cell division leading to embryogenesis in reprogrammed microspores”
t0“barley”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
reactive oxygen species · cytology · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.