Abstract
Soil salinization has become more and more serious. Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) could act in alleviating toxicity in plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the growth, photosynthetic pigments, water-solubles content, proteins, antioxidant enzyme parameters, and element contents of two types of wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link.), wild-type barley and Saertu wild barley cultivars, in response to salt stress. Both cultivars were first treated with 300 µmol·L−1 NaCl (increased in 25 µmol·L−1 increments to 300 µmol·L−1 for 7 days). Next, plants were sprayed with different NO concentrations on days 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 after the NaCl concentration reached 300 µmol·L−1. The results showed that salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)], the photosynthetic pigment and protein contents, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes [ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and significantly increased the K+ and Na+ elements contents, water solubles and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the controls. However, the inhibitory effects of salt stress in both wild barley cultivars were alleviated by exogenous NO treatment, and 200 µmol·L−1 NO was the most effective concentration to improve plant growth, ion element levels and the physiology of wild barley under high salt stress. Altogether, this study demonstrated the beneficial role of exogenous NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, on wild barley under salinity stress and the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced barley growth parameters relative to controls.
- Taxon
- wild barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0 - Treatment
- salt stress alonee0
- Outcome
- plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)]”
t0“wild barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced photosynthetic pigment and protein contents.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- the photosynthetic pigment and protein contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the photosynthetic pigment and protein contents”
t0“wild barley”
e1“salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- the activity of the antioxidant enzymese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of the antioxidant enzymes [ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)]”
t0“wild barley”
e1“salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased potassium and sodium contents compared with controls.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- K+ and Na+ elements contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the K+ and Na+ elements contents, water solubles and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the controls”
t0“wild barley”
e1“salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased water solubles and malondialdehyde compared with controls.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- water solubles and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the K+ and Na+ elements contents, water solubles and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the controls”
t0“wild barley”
e1“salt stress alone decreased all growth parameters [plant height (HT), fresh weight (FW), total dry weight (DW)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nitric oxide alleviated salt inhibition in both barley cultivars.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0
- Treatment
- exogenous NO treatmente0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibitory effects of salt stress in both wild barley cultivars were alleviated by exogenous NO treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 µmol·L−1 nitric oxide concentration most effectively improved barley growth, ion levels, and physiology under high salt stress.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0
- Treatment
- 200 µmol·L−1 NOe0
- Outcome
- plant growth, ion element levels and the physiologye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- under high salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 µmol·L−1 NO was the most effective concentration to improve plant growth, ion element levels and the physiology of wild barley under high salt stress”
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