Abstract
Growers from three counties in Virginia have recently experienced difficulty controlling shattercane in corn with acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides. Seed was collected from these locations and from a susceptible biotype and tested for resistance to imazethapyr, imazapyr, and nicosulfuron in greenhouse trials. Seedlings from these locations were also treated with glufosinate and glyphosate. Greenhouse experiments indicated that one of the four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Effective control of the resistant biotype was possible with glufosinate or glyphosate. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the most effective herbicide program utilizing herbicide-tolerant/-resistant corn hybrids for the control of shattercane. Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane, and yield from the imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) hybrid was equivalent between these treatments and was equivalent to yield from the weedy control (WC). At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In both years, LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate controlled shattercane better than did EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate. Treatment timing with respect to corn yield within either the glufosinate-resistant (LL) or glyphosate-resistant (RR) corn hybrid was critical. EP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate resulted in yields that were equivalent to yield from the weed-free control (WFC) of each hybrid. LP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate, however, resulted in yields that were equivalent to only 90 and 91% of yield from the WFC of each hybrid, respectively.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
One of four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Interactor
- shattercane
Sorghum ×drummondiie0weed - Outcome
- one of the four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one of the four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate effectively controlled the resistant shattercane biotype.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- ShattercaneSorghum ×drummondiit0weed
- Outcome
- control of the resistant biotypee0
- Direction
- Effective controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective control of the resistant biotype was possible with glufosinate or glyphosate”
t0“Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate effectively controlled the resistant shattercane biotype.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- ShattercaneSorghum ×drummondiit0weed
- Outcome
- control of the resistant biotypee0
- Direction
- Effective controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective control of the resistant biotype was possible with glufosinate or glyphosate”
t0“Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early imazethapyr plus imazapyr failed to control shattercane.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyre0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- control shattercanee0
- Direction
- did not controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late imazethapyr plus imazapyr failed to control shattercane.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr plus imazapyre0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- control shattercanee0
- Direction
- did not controle0
- Qualifier
- late postemergence (LP)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early nicosulfuron failed to control shattercane.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- control shattercanee0
- Direction
- did not controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidazolinone-tolerant hybrid yield under these ineffective treatments equaled the weedy control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) hybride0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- weedy control (WC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield from the imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) hybrid was equivalent between these treatments and was equivalent to yield from the weedy control (WC)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glyphosate controlled shattercane 71% in 2003.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP applications of glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 71e0
- Qualifier
- in 2003e0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glyphosate controlled shattercane 75% in 2004.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP applications of glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glufosinate controlled shattercane 21% in 2003.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP applications of glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 21e0
- Qualifier
- in 2003e0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glufosinate controlled shattercane 66% in 2004.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP applications of glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 66%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late glufosinate controlled shattercane better than early glufosinate in both years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LP applications of glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate controlled shattercane better than did EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late glyphosate controlled shattercane better than early glyphosate in both years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- shattercaneSorghum ×drummondiie0weed
- Outcome
- controlled shattercanee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate controlled shattercane better than did EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glufosinate yielded as much corn as the weed-free control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- EP treatments of glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- weed-free control (WFC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate resulted in yields that were equivalent to yield from the weed-free control (WFC) of each hybrid”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glyphosate yielded as much corn as the weed-free control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- weed-free control (WFC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate resulted in yields that were equivalent to yield from the weed-free control (WFC) of each hybrid”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late glufosinate yielded 90% of the weed-free control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- LP treatments of glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 90e0
- Comparator
- WFCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate, however, resulted in yields that were equivalent to only 90 and 91% of yield from the WFC of each hybrid, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late glyphosate yielded 91% of the weed-free control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Comparator
- WFCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate, however, resulted in yields that were equivalent to only 90 and 91% of yield from the WFC of each hybrid, respectively”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
glufosinate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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See all 22 papers →glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 77 papers →glyphosate · Sorghum x drummondii · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
499 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
647 papers more in this group
See all 651 papers →herbicide · Sorghum x drummondii · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.